{"type":"FeatureCollection","schemaVersion":"watchtower-subsea-v1","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":"faster:0","properties":{"id":"faster:0","name":"FASTER","systemId":"faster","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · FASTER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/faster","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports ready for service from June 2016; current live service not independently verified","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Bandon, Oregon, US","to":"Chikura, Japan","fromId":"faster:bandon","toId":"faster:chikura","note":"Selected US-to-Asia same-system connections; the Taiwan branch and Japanese landings do not imply separate direct physical cables."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-124.41,43.12],[-125.0660987130741,43.394734817028294],[-125.72813205931038,43.6656850075219],[-126.39612593686022,43.93278008114606],[-127.07010245706714,44.19594895340573],[-127.75007974098247,44.4551199880918],[-128.43607171348918,44.71022104308255],[-129.12808789564144,44.96117951958215],[-129.82613319588793,45.207922414868975],[-130.53020770090762,45.45037637861629],[-131.24030646684918,45.68846777283675],[-131.95641931182672,45.92212273548931],[-132.67853061058509,46.15126724777301],[-133.4066190923091,46.3758272051172],[-134.14065764260812,46.595728491860164],[-134.88061311076203,46.81089705959108],[-135.62644612336834,47.02125900910984],[-136.37811090557457,47.226740675939475],[-137.13555511112452,47.42726871930327],[-137.89871966248006,47.6227702144564],[-138.66753860231114,47.81317274823755],[-139.4419389576639,47.998404517681124],[-140.22184061813067,48.17839443150547],[-141.00715622934416,48.35307221426602],[-141.79779110310986,48.52236851293628],[-142.59364314546806,48.686215005652606],[-143.3946028039435,48.844544512332895],[-144.2005530351923,48.99729110685266],[-145.0113692941967,49.14439023043726],[-145.82691954608177,49.28577880590422],[-146.64706430154092,49.421395352366716],[-147.47165667675313,49.551180099987725],[-148.30054247855875,49.67507510435465],[-149.13356031553008,49.79302436002698],[-149.97054173543034,49.90497391279439],[-150.8113113893993,50.01087197017071],[-151.6556872230379,50.11066900964026],[-152.50348069438928,50.20431788416714],[-153.35449701862942,50.29177392447604],[-154.20853543909186,50.372995037614906],[-155.06538952405577,50.44794180131492],[-155.92484748853204,50.51657755367322],[-156.7866925400839,50.578868477697185],[-157.65070324752668,50.6347836802666],[-158.51665393116068,50.68429526509215],[-159.38431507300993,50.72737839927398],[-160.25345374536772,50.764011373093595],[-161.12383405578763,50.794175652705384],[-161.99521760651456,50.81785592543033],[-162.86736396621876,50.83504013739373],[-163.74003115178354,50.84571952329057],[-164.6129761178062,50.849888628106584],[-165.485955251399,50.847545320668466],[-166.35872486982808,50.838690798944604],[-167.23104171850235,50.823329587064954],[-168.10266346682016,50.801469524077795],[-168.97334919940167,50.77312174450886],[-169.84285990027917,50.738300650835775],[-170.71095892768108,50.69702387803763],[-171.57741247713267,50.64931225042349],[-172.44199003070446,50.595189730986505],[-173.3044647903623,50.53468336357068],[-174.1646140935176,50.46782320817374],[-175.02221980903101,50.394642269744274],[-175.8770687120928,50.3151764208612],[-176.72895283658315,50.22946431871075],[-177.57766980370218,50.13754731679847],[-178.42302312585235,50.03946937185327],[-179.26482248495248,49.9352769463945],[-180,49.8385546519954]],[[180,49.8385546519954],[179.89711601544226,49.825018907444374],[179.06296962464398,49.708746421874196],[178.2329087461984,49.586512848875955],[177.40709676616777,49.458373630049394],[176.58568990820567,49.32438617759017],[175.7688371151314,49.184609761056564],[174.95667995655222,49.03910539318082],[174.14935256193667,48.88793571517725],[173.34698157840654,48.73116488198224],[172.5496861523963,48.5688584478424],[171.75757793422105,48.40108325264613],[170.97076110450084,48.22790730937099],[170.18933242131257,48.049399692995436],[169.41338128687295,47.86563043119814],[168.64298983250876,47.676670397142736],[167.87823302062927,47.48259120461882],[167.11917876239326,47.28346510578416],[166.3658880497489,47.079364891726414],[165.61841510052218,46.87036379603627],[164.87680751523902,46.65653540155844],[164.14110644438293,46.43795355046179],[163.41134676481704,46.21469225774584],[162.6875572641319,45.986825628277295],[161.9697608317216,45.75442777742839],[161.2579746554362,45.517572755367745],[160.55221042270813,45.27633447503458],[159.8524745251065,45.03078664380874],[159.15876826532752,44.781002698871994],[158.471088065692,44.527055746240016],[157.78942567727827,44.26901850343034],[157.11376838888427,44.00696324571835],[156.44409923507055,43.74096175592169],[155.78039720260068,43.47108527764298],[155.12263743465422,43.19740447189165],[154.47079143224693,42.91998937699763],[153.824827252352,42.63890937172279],[153.18470970226983,42.35423314147028],[152.55040052984873,42.066028647487435],[151.92185860921018,41.7743630989535],[151.29904012167964,41.47930292784157],[150.68189873167165,41.18091376644102],[150.0703857573189,40.87926042742628],[149.46445033567753,40.57440688635668],[148.86403958237696,40.2664162664925],[148.26909874561798,39.955350825812566],[147.6795713544543,39.64127194612034],[147.0953993613234,39.32424012412652],[146.5165232788173,39.00431496439848],[145.9428823107099,38.68155517406903],[145.37441447727844,38.35601855919948],[144.8110567349757,38.02776202269503],[144.25274509052846,37.696841563673395],[143.699414709551,37.36331227819071],[143.15100001977729,37.0272283612324],[142.6074348090259,36.688643109879756],[142.06865231802252,36.34760892756666],[141.53458532821193,36.00417732934458],[141.0051662446991,35.65839894807705],[140.48032717446424,35.31032354148914],[139.96,34.96]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"faster:1","properties":{"id":"faster:1","name":"FASTER","systemId":"faster","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · FASTER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/faster","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports ready for service from June 2016; current live service not independently verified","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Bandon, Oregon, US","to":"Shima, Japan","fromId":"faster:bandon","toId":"faster:shima","note":"Selected US-to-Asia same-system connections; the Taiwan branch and Japanese landings do not imply separate direct physical cables."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-124.41,43.12],[-125.07963722392367,43.41462003830276],[-125.75577788673428,43.705294887655555],[-126.4384617614013,43.99194562656763],[-127.12772457541467,44.27449250326394],[-127.8235977581339,44.552854979784165],[-128.5261081832205,44.82695178026997],[-129.23527790682675,45.096700943578675],[-129.9511239022987,45.36201988035225],[-130.6736577922383,45.62282543466],[-131.40288557886242,45.8790339503203],[-132.13880737368547,46.13056134199235],[-132.88141712764767,46.37732317111234],[-133.63070236290315,46.61923472672975],[-134.38664390757427,46.85621111127873],[-135.149215634869,47.08816733129679],[-135.91838420804459,47.31501839307793],[-136.6941088327845,47.536679403220504],[-137.4763410186309,47.75306567400073],[-138.26502435118496,47.96409283347193],[-139.06009427684833,48.16967694015681],[-139.86147790192817,48.36973460216512],[-140.66909380796733,48.56418310053344],[-141.48285188518463,48.752940516546396],[-142.30265318592146,48.93592586276008],[-143.1283897999811,49.11305921740979],[-143.95994475372473,49.28426186184496],[-144.7971919347409,49.44945642059441],[-145.63999604384233,49.608567003626845],[-146.48821257605593,49.76151935033339],[-147.34168783216523,49.90824097472253],[-148.2002589622321,50.04866131128325],[-149.06375404237343,50.182711860940096],[-149.93199218589265,50.31032633649459],[-150.80478368966914,50.431440806921586],[-151.68193021649336,50.545993839867386],[-152.5632250137989,50.65392664167884],[-153.4484531689905,50.755183194280306],[-154.33739190130078,50.84971038820778],[-155.22981088982777,50.937458151107926],[-156.1254726371192,51.018379571014094],[-157.02413286737374,51.09243101372177],[-157.9255409580345,51.15957223360245],[-158.82944040325626,51.219766477218265],[-159.73556930743777,51.27298057912904],[-160.64366090673326,51.31918504931893],[-161.55344411619095,51.358354151711644],[-162.46464409991933,51.3904659732905],[-163.37698286145599,51.41550248339216],[-164.2901798513115,51.43344958280007],[-165.2039525884895,51.444297142325794],[-166.11801729263982,51.448039030630774],[-167.03208952339472,51.44467313110959],[-167.94588482336198,51.43420134772578],[-168.85911936121278,51.41662959976216],[-169.77151057129984,51.39196780551982],[-170.68277778627808,51.360229855071125],[-171.59264285927182,51.3214335722421],[-172.5008307722397,51.27560066606764],[-173.40707022732957,51.22275667202866],[-174.31109421818599,51.162930883441476],[-175.21264057837413,51.096156273428015],[-176.11145250430846,51.022469407947554],[-177.00727905031945,50.941910350419064],[-177.89987559375933,50.854522558504655],[-178.78900426832203,50.76035277366075],[-179.67443436404469,50.65945090409345],[-180,50.61971823646553]],[[180,50.61971823646553],[179.44405730725157,50.551869901777735],[178.5666860820246,50.4376656342176],[177.69365915122972,50.31689675163446],[176.82517530305498,50.18962455027621],[175.9614247022559,50.055912832537615],[175.10258870590425,49.915827764575916],[174.24883971511196,49.769437732092975],[173.40034106205565,49.61681319493856],[172.5572469314083,49.45802654116689],[171.7197023150886,49.29315194115402],[170.88784299906172,49.122265202353596],[170.06179558077073,48.94544362523708],[169.24167751564718,48.76276586093007],[168.42759719103887,48.574311771019474],[167.6196540258065,48.38016228996943],[166.81793859377362,48.18039929054391],[166.02253276916923,47.975105452596054],[165.2335098921765,47.764364135543744],[164.450934952692,47.54825925481287],[163.67486479040934,47.32687516249085],[162.9053483093638,47.100296532395774],[162.14242670511354,46.86860824973056],[161.38613370278082,46.631895305456645],[160.63649580423805,46.39024269548887],[159.89353254279177,46.14373532478217],[159.15725674379388,45.892457916351276],[158.42767478969228,45.63649492523776],[157.70478688811951,45.37593045741327],[156.9885873417079,45.11084819358548],[156.2790648184119,44.84133131785169],[155.57620262121216,44.567462451126865],[154.87997895616692,44.289323589256085],[154.19036719787132,44.00699604570631],[153.50733615147243,43.72056039872024],[152.8308503104791,43.43009644280355],[152.1608701096883,43.13568314440793],[151.49735217263355,42.83739860166458],[150.8402495530383,42.53532000801709],[150.18951196983076,42.229523619597735],[149.54508603534904,41.920084726188115],[148.90691547642754,41.60707762560293],[148.27494134812045,41.29057560133495],[147.64910223987238,40.9706509032987],[147.02933447399965,40.647374731511874],[146.41557229639392,40.32081722255502],[145.80774805940297,39.99104743865198],[145.20579239688374,39.65813335921729],[144.60963439145783,39.322141874719605],[144.01920173403238,38.98313878271452],[143.4344208756766,38.64118878590426],[142.8552171719699,38.29635549208656],[142.28151501995885,37.948701415859475],[141.71323798787895,37.59828798195434],[141.15030893781372,37.2451755300741],[140.5926501414755,36.88942332111907],[140.04018338930513,36.53108954468822],[139.49283009309542,36.170231327748695],[138.95051138234973,35.80690474437172],[138.41314819459353,35.4411648264386],[137.8806613598584,35.073065575225016],[137.35297167956102,34.702659973777436],[136.83,34.33]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"faster:2","properties":{"id":"faster:2","name":"FASTER","systemId":"faster","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · FASTER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/faster","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports ready for service from June 2016; current live service not independently verified","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Bandon, Oregon, US","to":"Tamsui, Taiwan","fromId":"faster:bandon","toId":"faster:tamsui","note":"Selected US-to-Asia same-system connections; the Taiwan branch and Japanese landings do not imply separate direct physical cables."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-124.41,43.12],[-125.20037486217502,43.50845560362732],[-126.00091556692459,43.89139693914335],[-126.81174031145926,44.26867788918058],[-127.632959983594,44.64014977328944],[-128.4646774253979,45.00566142711758],[-129.30698666606042,45.36505929555231],[-130.1599721256267,45.718187540674705],[-131.02370779171198,46.064888165359534],[-131.89825637180525,46.40500115332996],[-132.7836684243052,46.738364626439925],[-133.67998147200024,47.06481501990761],[-134.58721910230182,47.38418727615979],[-135.5053900591625,47.69631505786874],[-136.4344873322479,48.00103098066837],[-137.37448724958176,48.29816686592515],[-138.3253485805289,48.587554013809594],[-139.28701165661616,48.86902349676771],[-140.2593975183019,49.14240647332605],[-141.24240709637357,49.407534521981155],[-142.2359204371671,49.664239994724035],[-143.23979598124535,49.912356389533585],[-144.25386990552371,50.151718740942314],[-145.27795553907552,50.38216402753371],[-146.3118428629693,50.60353159497763],[-147.35529810446394,50.815663592949726],[-148.4080634357053,51.01840542401758],[-149.46985678670956,51.21160620231433],[-150.5403717818772,51.395119219564386],[-151.6192778085442,51.56880241578],[-152.7062202251463,51.73251885171889],[-153.80082071543677,51.886137179985404],[-154.90267779387875,52.029532111477856],[-156.0113674658238,52.1625848737378],[-157.1264440444207,52.285183657647785],[-158.2474411243828,52.39722404885868],[-159.3738727108151,52.49860944030819],[-160.50523449929204,52.58925142222421],[-161.64100530132245,52.66907014609081],[-162.78064860728276,52.737994659193234],[-163.92361427688473,52.79596320655083],[-165.0693403453167,52.84292349729252],[-166.21725493140244,52.87883293282559],[-167.36677823250403,52.90365879449082],[-168.51732458949206,52.917378388781174],[-169.6683046039584,52.91997914862027],[-170.81912728898027,52.91145868964372],[-171.969202234183,52.89182482089327],[-173.1179417656102,52.8610955098112],[-174.26476308099575,52.819298801902754],[-175.4090903414457,52.76647269590698],[-176.55035670126227,52.702664975773764],[-177.68800625866342,52.62793300117791],[-178.82149591143911,52.54234345870231],[-179.9502971031066,52.445972076184795],[-180,52.44123584748775]],[[180,52.44123584748775],[178.92610255315407,52.33890330304182],[177.80819778363406,52.2212299596514],[176.69646430516707,52.093052859095735],[175.59135762496663,51.95448040472756],[174.49331199399515,51.80562816713394],[173.402739516596,51.646618444127554],[172.32002941714964,51.47757980739908],[171.24554746264212,51.29864663942102],[170.17963553829517,51.10995866410271],[169.1226113718212,50.91166047456745],[168.074768400456,50.703901061256815],[167.03637577370006,50.486833343372396],[166.00767848367252,50.260613706445284],[164.9888976141544,50.025401548585485],[163.98023069876464,49.78135883771106],[162.98185217827182,49.5286496817977],[161.9939139467789,49.26743991392515],[161.016545976423,48.997896693635724],[160.04985701028502,48.72018812586256],[159.09393531339146,48.434482898437096],[158.1488494719955,48.14094993894789],[157.21464923172582,47.83975809149961],[156.29136636567551,47.531075813713],[155.37901556404762,47.21507089411533],[154.47759533756948,46.89191018989739],[153.58708892750965,46.56175938485736],[152.70746521577698,46.22478276721449],[151.83867962922864,45.88114302685575],[150.980675032959,45.53100107147606],[150.13338260797224,45.17451586098714],[149.29672270925016,44.81184425949912],[148.470605700811,44.44314090412382],[147.65493276490332,44.06855808980607],[146.84959668299652,43.68824566935887],[146.05448258670603,43.30235096786006],[145.26946867722992,42.91101871055794],[144.49442691227358,42.514390963433414],[143.72922365979866,42.11260708557267],[142.97372031825446,41.70580369251829],[142.22777390323404,41.294114629785234],[141.4912376007472,40.87767095575183],[140.76396128751708,40.45660093316248],[140.0457920188928,40.03103002850956],[139.3365744851248,39.601080918593375],[138.636151436879,39.16687350359322],[137.94436408096945,38.728524926017094],[137.26105244737238,38.286149594933086],[136.58605572864647,37.839859214920764],[135.9192125929296,37.38976281921587],[135.26036147171098,36.935966806556706],[134.60934082359523,36.478574981273965],[133.96598937527682,36.01768859619909],[133.33014634093894,35.55340639799761],[132.70165162127554,35.085824674564805],[132.08034598331363,34.61503730414986],[131.46607122218455,34.14113580590281],[130.85867030596128,33.66420939156447],[130.25798750464116,33.184345018044816],[129.66386850431488,32.70162744065858],[129.07616050751992,32.216139266808526],[128.49471232073464,31.727961009927977],[127.91937442992405,31.237171143512697],[127.34999906500396,30.74384615509078],[126.78644025404657,30.248060599995053],[126.22855386800522,29.749887154818474],[125.67619765669339,29.249396670446682],[125.12923127671013,28.746658224575285],[124.58751631196318,28.241739173631068],[124.05091628740037,27.734705204027836],[123.51929667652142,27.225620382697098],[122.99252490320546,26.71454720684347],[122.47047033835328,26.20154665288279],[121.95300429180983,25.686678224528656],[121.44,25.17]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"unity:0","properties":{"id":"unity:0","name":"Unity / EAC Pacific","systemId":"unity","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · Unity system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/unity","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports ready for service April 2010 and upgrade in January 2023; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Hermosa Beach, California, US","to":"Chikura, Japan","fromId":"unity:hermosa","toId":"unity:chikura","note":"Source identifies Hermosa Beach landing and Chikura; Los Angeles backhaul is not drawn as a subsea cable."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.4,33.86],[-119.01327080446781,34.21729913984685],[-119.631742606166,34.571520017439646],[-120.25548314650023,34.9225950190945],[-120.88455882886076,35.27045550657738],[-121.51903458207356,35.61503182170082],[-122.15897371755347,35.95625329295697],[-122.80443778012531,36.294048244315306],[-123.45548639250529,36.62834400631701],[-124.11217709346164,36.959066929600546],[-124.77456516970706,37.286142400994905],[-125.44270348160796,37.60949486231918],[-126.11664228283459,37.929047832027855],[-126.79642903411535,38.24472392984205],[-127.48210821130394,38.55644490450631],[-128.17372110801438,38.86413166480966],[-128.87130563312908,39.16770431400772],[-129.57489610353934,39.46708218777919],[-130.2845230325337,39.762183895846654],[-131.00021291430895,40.05292736738575],[-131.72198800514056,40.33922990034061],[-132.44986610181437,40.621008214755534],[-133.1838603179867,40.89817851022355],[-133.92397885920917,41.170656527542064],[-134.6702247974232,41.438357614652894],[-135.42259584579978,41.70119679693107],[-136.18108413486894,41.959088851870156],[-136.94567599095456,42.21194838819553],[-137.716351717996,42.4596899294175],[-138.49308538390554,42.70222800181599],[-139.27584461267264,42.939477226825716],[-140.06459038348387,43.17135241776729],[-140.85927683818235,43.397768680843726],[-141.6598510984364,43.61864152029504],[-142.4662530940279,43.83388694757499],[-143.2784154037027,44.04342159438449],[-144.0962631100471,44.24716282936521],[-144.91971366986652,44.44502887822557],[-145.74867680154244,44.63693894703852],[-146.58305439083065,44.82281334841843],[-147.42274041653846,45.002573630250986],[-148.26762089747646,45.17614270661778],[-149.11757386202663,45.343444990525164],[-149.9724693415946,45.50440652801555],[-150.83216938912858,45.658955133209716],[-151.69652812378246,45.80702052380035],[-152.56539180268072,45.94853445649094],[-153.43859892060743,46.08343086185032],[-154.31598033828965,46.21164597803258],[-155.19735943978074,46.3331184827943],[-156.08255231926887,46.44778962322712],[-156.97136799744544,46.55560334261394],[-157.86360866736604,46.656506403810916],[-158.75906996952614,46.7504485085567],[-159.65754129565715,46.83738241211379],[-160.55880612052675,46.91726403265541],[-161.46264236080623,46.990052554825354],[-162.3688227598437,47.05571052691645],[-163.27711529696714,47.11420395113789],[-164.1872836197269,47.16550236647006],[-165.09908749728845,47.20957892363961],[-166.0122832929943,47.24641045178594],[-166.92662445394123,47.27597751643276],[-167.84186201526023,47.2982644684257],[-168.75774511664986,47.31325948354665],[-169.6740215285979,47.3209545925692],[-170.59043818563367,47.321345701575346],[-171.50674172388582,47.31443260241123],[-172.42267902017986,47.3002189732192],[-173.33799772989352,47.27871236904265],[-174.2524468208014,47.2499242025605],[-175.16577710017788,47.21386971506701],[-176.07774173249237,47.1705679378707],[-176.98809674512097,47.120041644342315],[-177.89660151961087,47.062317292895145],[-178.80301926617057,46.99742496123206],[-179.70711747921297,46.925398272240336],[-180,46.89969365020677]],[[180,46.89969365020677],[179.39133162804788,46.84627431195888],[178.49255071175816,46.76009354008131],[177.5967569099542,46.6668996934926],[176.70416148086215,46.56673968336661],[175.81496946815017,46.45966348637597],[174.92937939409546,46.34572403058556],[174.04758298140572,46.22497707661485],[173.16976490421263,46.09748109466338],[172.29610256853834,45.963297137997984],[171.42676592232465,45.82248871349977],[170.561917294911,45.675121649863534],[169.70171126565603,45.52126396403272],[168.84629456121587,45.36098572643974],[167.99580598082574,45.19435892560393],[167.15037634877825,45.02145733261928],[166.31012849315454,44.84235636604033],[165.47517724974225,44.65713295764908],[164.64562948996945,44.46586541955744],[163.8215841715938,44.26863331307019],[163.00313241081312,44.06551731970233],[162.19035757440665,43.85659911471272],[161.38333539047275,43.64196124348333],[160.58213407630282,43.42168700104062],[159.78681448191531,43.195860314982916],[158.99743024777382,42.96456563204512],[158.2140279752227,42.727887808500526],[157.43664740819594,42.48591200456851],[156.66532162478435,42.23872358296711],[155.90007723728655,41.98640801172092],[155.14093459941523,41.729050771307406],[154.38790801938345,41.466737266199175],[153.641005977653,41.1995527408355],[152.90023134819015,40.92758220003384],[152.16558162213883,40.65091033383151],[151.43704913288934,40.36962144672817],[150.7146212815898,40.083799391282795],[149.99828076221806,39.79352750600279],[149.2880057854007,39.49888855744905],[148.58377030023647,39.19996468646797],[147.885544213449,38.896837358451144],[147.19329360526038,38.58958731751334],[146.50698094144147,38.278294544471926],[145.82656528105883,37.963038218504],[145.1520024794948,37.643896682352256],[144.48324538637743,37.32094741094613],[143.82024403810777,36.994266983302126],[143.16294584472558,36.663931057564476],[142.51129577089893,36.33001434904687],[141.86523651087037,35.99259061113482],[141.22470865723167,35.651732618909215],[140.589650863437,35.30751215535242],[139.96,34.96]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"jupiter:0","properties":{"id":"jupiter:0","name":"JUPITER","systemId":"jupiter","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · JUPITER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/jupiter","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports main trunk ready May 2021 and Philippines branch July 2022; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Hermosa Beach, California, US","to":"Maruyama, Chiba, Japan","fromId":"jupiter:hermosa","toId":"jupiter:maruyama","note":"Same-system connectivity, not branch geometry. Oregon branch is outside this selected endpoint projection."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.4,33.86],[-119.01239986244134,34.2176237439967],[-119.62999822254176,34.572177924814966],[-120.25286307086402,34.92359505548614],[-120.88106107721879,35.271806622514134],[-121.51465745466288,35.616743090196834],[-122.1537158171869,35.95833390696929],[-122.7982980310549,36.29650751389727],[-123.44846405978315,36.63119135545306],[-124.10427180277463,36.96231189270773],[-124.76577692765555,37.28979461907687],[-125.43303269639519,37.61356407875824],[-126.10608978532704,37.93354388800123],[-126.78499609923044,38.24965675934858],[-127.46979657967425,38.56182452899049],[-128.1605330078725,38.86996818737043],[-128.8572438023507,39.17400791317998],[-129.55996381177613,39.473863110877275],[-130.26872410336017,39.76945245185957],[-130.98355174730153,40.060693919415264],[-131.7044695978003,40.34750485757476],[-132.4314960712369,40.62980202397129],[-133.16464492217722,40.9075016468143],[-133.90392501793323,41.180519486067155],[-134.6493401124772,41.448770898908705],[-135.40088862057854,41.71217090954495],[-136.15856339310253,41.97063428342125],[-136.92235149448004,42.22407560586877],[-137.69223398342498,42.47240936519993],[-138.46818569804432,42.71555004024716],[-139.2501750465473,42.953412192317394],[-140.0381638048201,43.18591056151026],[-140.8321069221886,43.41296016732326],[-141.63195233673625,43.634476413439636],[-142.43764080159056,43.850375196566716],[-143.2491057236194,44.06057301916257],[-144.06627301600633,44.26498710585816],[-144.88906096618453,44.463535523350714],[-145.71738012061192,44.65613730351137],[-146.55113318785797,44.842712569417536],[-147.39021496144997,45.02318266398762],[-148.23451226388474,45.19747028086272],[-149.0839039131609,45.36549959714792],[-149.93826071311432,45.52719640759421],[-150.7974454687554,45.682488259772036],[-151.6613130277035,45.83130458975879],[-152.52971034869609,45.97357685783624],[-153.4024765980151,46.10923868366965],[-154.27944327452408,46.23822598041906],[-155.16043436384322,46.36047708721527],[-156.04526652201315,46.475932899418524],[-156.93374928880576,46.58453699606745],[-157.8256853306404,46.686235763919406],[-158.72087071285216,46.78097851748192],[-159.61909520084254,46.868717614437664],[-160.52014258942188,46.94940856587377],[-161.42379105942763,47.02301014073907],[-162.32981356048143,47.0894844639713],[-163.23797821852804,47.14879710775966],[-164.14804876658604,47.20091717543657],[-165.05978499693612,47.245817377525576],[-165.97294323278177,47.28347409951088],[-166.88727681723918,47.313867460935946],[-167.80253661735284,47.33698136548533],[-168.71847154069368,47.3528035417538],[-169.63482906197737,47.36132557446023],[-170.55135575704423,47.36254292591931],[-171.4677978414727,47.35645494764182],[-172.38390171105308,47.34306488199384],[-173.29941448133067,47.32237985390451],[-174.21408452343564,47.29441085267271],[-175.12766199345393,47.2591727039819],[-176.0398993526547,47.21668403229112],[-176.950551875977,47.16696721382645],[-177.85937814629042,47.11004832045124],[-178.76614053207715,47.045957054744996],[-179.67060564633735,46.97472667666797],[-180,46.94611901799055]],[[180,46.94611901799055],[179.42745521530915,46.89639392223269],[178.52826565916354,46.81099891464317],[177.63204380227089,46.71858506839729],[176.7390019069532,46.61919898687817],[175.84934604226459,46.51289035398525],[174.96327577335748,46.39971182037588],[174.08098387952577,46.27971888490294],[173.2026561014682,46.15296977184391],[172.32847091809614,46.01952530452109],[171.45859935299777,45.87944877591313],[170.59320481046493,45.732805816852775],[169.73244294079586,45.57966426239656],[168.87646153440306,45.420094016939736],[168.0254004440869,45.25416691863166],[167.17939153468046,45.081956603627795],[166.3385586591315,44.903538370690455],[165.5030176599631,44.71898904662504],[164.6728763949474,44.528386853010666],[163.848234785736,44.33181127465402],[163.02918488811412,44.1293429301648],[162.21581098248777,43.92106344501864],[161.4081896831687,43.70705532744089],[160.60639006499204,43.48740184741202],[159.81047380578778,43.26218691906205],[159.02049534322254,43.03149498668942],[158.23650204453966,42.795410914607224],[157.458534387744,42.554019880989465],[156.68662615280945,42.307407275858914],[155.92080462152478,42.055658603330414],[155.16109078463973,41.798859388195126],[154.40749955502645,41.53709508690602],[153.66003998562823,41.27045100299992],[152.9187154910305,40.99901220696901],[152.18352407155425,40.72286346057377],[151.4544585388397,40.44208914556957],[150.73150674195776,40.156773196801986],[150.01465179315719,39.866999039609674],[149.30387229242524,39.57284953145949],[148.59914255010992,39.274406907725975],[147.90043280691995,38.97175273151608],[147.20770945068656,38.66496784743073],[146.52093522933538,38.35413233914631],[145.84006945958032,38.039325490692825],[145.1650682309106,37.720625751299394],[144.49588460450056,37.39811070367432],[143.8324688067248,37.07185703558252],[143.17476841701364,36.741940514582325],[142.5227285498311,36.40843596578094],[141.87629203060257,36.071417252468656],[141.23539956546074,35.730957259491554],[140.59998990471698,35.38712787922346],[139.97,35.04]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"jupiter:1","properties":{"id":"jupiter:1","name":"JUPITER","systemId":"jupiter","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · JUPITER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/jupiter","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports main trunk ready May 2021 and Philippines branch July 2022; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Hermosa Beach, California, US","to":"Shima, Japan","fromId":"jupiter:hermosa","toId":"jupiter:shima","note":"Same-system connectivity, not branch geometry. Oregon branch is outside this selected endpoint projection."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.4,33.86],[-119.02477601870902,34.23722318362067],[-119.65515199689328,34.61124911546434],[-120.29120857779607,34.98200358223644],[-120.93302512881314,35.34941113286837],[-121.58067958408503,35.7133950793228],[-122.23424827884031,36.07387749973377],[-122.89380577537742,36.430779244049695],[-123.55942468060196,36.78401994235265],[-124.23117545506994,37.13351801603273],[-124.90912621352547,37.47919069200005],[-125.5933425169637,37.820954020121796],[-126.28388715629661,38.158722894074074],[-126.98081992775045,38.49241107580129],[-127.68419740018042,38.82193122377711],[-128.39407267454993,39.147194925261225],[-129.11049513588708,39.468112732745965],[-129.8335101981036,39.78459420478423],[-130.56315904213722,40.096547951386924],[-131.2994783479593,40.40388168417328],[-132.04250002107668,40.70650227145013],[-132.79225091424468,41.004315798388156],[-133.548752545204,41.297227632452135],[-134.31202081135095,41.58514249422964],[-135.08206570234952,41.86796453378768],[-135.85889101179868,42.14559741266937],[-136.64249404916842,42.41794439162325],[-137.43286535332462,42.68490842413516],[-138.22998840906382,42.946392255808206],[-139.03383936818082,43.202298529608626],[-139.84438677668885,43.45252989696538],[-140.66159130990462,43.696989134678724],[-141.48540551719736,43.9355792675577],[-142.31577357827743,44.16820369666917],[-143.1526310729699,44.39476633304085],[-143.9959047664736,44.615171736619196],[-144.84551241215007,44.82932526023882],[-145.7013625739142,45.03713319831535],[-146.56335447030864,45.238502939926406],[-147.4313778423372,45.43334312589849],[-148.30531284710233,45.62156380946961],[-149.18502997924287,45.80307662004973],[-150.07039002209396,45.97779492955379],[-150.96124403039428,46.14563402073673],[-151.85743334624232,46.30651125691496],[-152.75878964985756,46.46034625241746],[-153.6651350465283,46.60706104307076],[-154.57628219093115,46.7465802559868],[-155.49203444978545,46.87883127789205],[-156.41218610356188,47.00374442121026],[-157.336522587699,47.12125308709085],[-158.26482077349786,47.23129392456084],[-159.1968492885645,47.33380698497023],[-160.13236887635745,47.4287358709005],[-161.07113279407452,47.51602787871214],[-162.01288724778536,47.59563413392177],[-162.95737186338656,47.66750971862164],[-163.90432019162998,47.73161379018377],[-164.8534602451549,47.787909690529524],[-165.80451506514933,47.83636504529008],[-166.75720331497416,47.876951852236445],[-167.71123989781614,47.909646558417016],[-168.6663365951906,47.93443012550647],[-169.6222027229024,47.951288082941694],[-170.57854580089085,47.96021056849629],[-171.5350722332393,47.961192356026686],[-172.49148799452274,47.95423287020568],[-173.4474993185994,47.939336188145695],[-174.4028133859267,47.916511027900896],[-175.35713900549737,47.88577072392471],[-176.31018728754833,47.84713318964528],[-177.26167230329327,47.800620867405996],[-178.2113117280652,47.74626066609961],[-179.15882746442904,47.684083886901846],[-180,47.62182024473163]],[[180,47.62182024473163],[179.89605375797038,47.61412613758359],[178.95359980882156,47.53642723594781],[178.0140726125559,47.451031102998634],[177.07772763520202,47.357985646504446],[176.14481340483073,47.25734263566415],[175.21557106742043,47.14915756762533],[174.29023397964687,47.03348952663483],[173.36902733977266,46.9104010366269],[172.45216785748246,46.779957908069484],[171.53986346318644,46.642229079898705],[170.63231305699784,46.4972864573719],[169.7297062972879,46.34520474666427],[168.83222342843217,46.18606128702094],[167.9400351470938,46.019935881257815],[167.05330250613744,45.84691062537968],[166.17217685504275,45.667069738054565],[165.29679981548097,45.48049939064911],[164.42730329054032,45.28728753849193],[163.56380950593157,45.08752375399069],[162.70643108137702,44.8812990621849],[161.855271130283,44.66870577927111],[161.01042338571517,44.44983735459004],[160.17197235064214,44.22478821651771],[159.33999347037735,43.99365362265463],[158.51455332513737,43.75652951465994],[157.69570984063995,43.5135123780301],[156.88351251469018,43.264699107076325],[156.0780026577408,43.010186875310936],[155.27921364546756,42.75007301140994],[154.4871711814656,42.48445488087917],[153.7018935682472,42.21342977351292],[152.92339198480735,41.93709479669846],[152.1516707691142,41.655546774586334],[151.38672770397582,41.36888215311564],[150.62855430483822,41.07719691085579],[149.87713610816888,40.780586475600195],[149.13245295918537,40.479145646624886],[148.39447929779217,40.172968522504426],[147.66318444169025,39.86214843435987],[146.93853286572644,39.54677788439761],[146.22048447664622,39.22694848958522],[145.50899488250886,38.90275093029845],[144.8040156561159,38.57427490376556],[144.10549459188866,38.241609082126935],[143.4133759557153,37.90484107492289],[142.72760072736338,37.564057395819034],[142.04810683512784,37.21934343337536],[141.37482938245168,36.87078342566508],[140.7077008663183,36.51846043854884],[140.0466513872743,36.16245634741114],[139.39160885099136,35.802851822168435],[138.74249916132655,35.43972631536106],[138.09924640488202,35.073158053144695],[137.46177302710456,34.70322402900211],[136.83,34.33]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"jupiter:2","properties":{"id":"jupiter:2","name":"JUPITER","systemId":"jupiter","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · JUPITER system overview","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/jupiter","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports main trunk ready May 2021 and Philippines branch July 2022; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Hermosa Beach, California, US","to":"Daet, Philippines","fromId":"jupiter:hermosa","toId":"jupiter:daet","note":"Same-system connectivity, not branch geometry. Oregon branch is outside this selected endpoint projection."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.4,33.86],[-119.2680411325989,34.24608050059084],[-120.14401848640266,34.62598734281541],[-121.02798671381152,34.99957494304612],[-121.91999279881844,35.36669642295732],[-122.82007558309952,35.72720372983684],[-123.72826528584088,36.080947768277674],[-124.64458301938224,36.427778543558375],[-125.5690403029948,36.76754531697626],[-126.50163857735187,37.10009677334646],[-127.4423687224925,37.42528120082077],[-128.3912105823166,37.742946683114305],[-129.34813249888353,38.052941304154125],[-130.31309086000704,38.35511336508253],[-131.28602966384912,38.649311613459616],[-132.2668801044013,38.93538548441284],[-133.25556018190903,39.21318535337992],[-134.25197434242676,39.48256279998173],[-135.25601315079453,39.743370882448595],[-136.26755300138524,39.99546442190413],[-137.286455870989,40.23870029568937],[-138.31256911816595,40.47293773878586],[-139.34572533331144,40.69803865227137],[-140.38574224352993,40.91386791761867],[-141.43242267620724,41.12029371552674],[-142.4855545848982,41.31718784785725],[-143.544911140811,41.504426061139654],[-144.6102508927657,41.68188837000715],[-145.681317998041,41.84945937883529],[-146.75784252599317,42.00702859977748],[-147.83954083574633,42.15449076532885],[-148.9261160286166,42.29174613350394],[-150.0172584752481,42.41870078368551],[-151.11264641672048,42.535266901194326],[-152.21194663813992,42.64136304864257],[-153.3148152124626,42.73691442216906],[-154.42089831153254,42.82185309071184],[-155.52983308055627,42.89611821655466],[-156.6412485714996,42.95965625548625],[-157.754766730188,43.01242113503693],[-158.87000343123867,43.054374409401575],[-159.98656955435536,43.08548538982352],[-161.1040720949968,43.10573124939526],[-162.22211530198777,43.115097101428816],[-163.34030183429388,43.11357605075748],[-164.45823392893155,43.10116921754909],[-165.5755145718384,43.07788573343508],[-166.69174866349087,43.04374270998753],[-167.80654417112353,42.998765179802334],[-168.9195132595826,42.94298601067074],[-170.03027339312038,42.87644579353646],[-171.1384484008163,42.79919270514225],[-172.2436694987708,42.71128234646216],[-173.3455762627651,42.61277755819297],[-174.4438175456904,42.50374821473825],[-175.53805233472144,42.38427099825768],[-176.62795054392197,42.25442915447351],[-177.713193738716,42.114312232022726],[-178.79347578942,41.96401580721751],[-179.8685034517996,41.803641196127934],[-180,41.7826967790481]],[[180,41.7826967790481],[179.06200312662628,41.63329515593039],[177.99830997507024,41.4530895774713],[176.94066894257702,41.26314117098344],[175.88931741489466,41.063571146857925],[174.84447810364782,40.854504893324794],[173.80635890577537,40.63607165282734],[172.77515283068237,40.40840419879463],[171.75103799210993,40.17163851442247],[170.73417766134042,39.92591347496993],[169.72472037803914,39.6713705349662],[168.7228001147784,39.40815342160542],[167.7285364911002,39.1364078354845],[166.74203503284383,38.856281159715486],[165.76338747239163,38.56792217831896],[164.79267208546682,38.271480804681595],[163.82995406014572,37.967107820739926],[162.8752858938193,37.654954627434925],[161.92870781394936,37.33517300686931],[160.9902482186085,37.007914896492494],[160.0599241329639,36.673332175537496],[159.1377416780606,36.33157646383996],[158.22369654847063,35.98279893308306],[157.31777449560113,35.62715013043272],[156.41995181368895,35.264779814455935],[155.53019582574848,34.89583680315103],[154.6484653669823,34.52046883386179],[153.77471126340365,34.138822434798314],[152.90887680365586,33.75104280784458],[152.0508982022448,33.35727372229747],[151.2007050526211,32.95765741915187],[150.35822076876113,32.55233452552327],[149.5233630140976,32.14144397878082],[148.69604411683846,31.725122959950788],[147.87617147089028,31.30350683594129],[147.06364792176677,30.876729110135198],[146.25837213701243,30.444921380896773],[145.46023896081076,30.008213307540203],[144.66913975257094,29.56673258331326],[143.88496270940007,29.1206049149573],[143.10759317246848,28.669954008414354],[142.33691391736508,28.214901560263918],[141.57280542861915,27.755567254484895],[140.81514615863122,27.292068764152578],[140.06381277131698,26.824521757695713],[139.3186803708156,26.353039909354578],[138.57962271565717,25.877734913497342],[137.84651241881696,25.398716502468705],[137.11922113411248,24.916092467661663],[136.39761972941912,24.429968683520038],[135.6815784471966,23.940449134195962],[134.97096705282908,23.447635942603306],[134.26565497128595,22.95162940162381],[133.5655114126156,22.452528007238612],[132.8704054867796,21.95042849337317],[132.18020630833357,21.445425868258262],[131.4947830914516,20.937613452123987],[130.8140052357845,20.427082916057522],[130.13774240362878,19.91392432186827],[129.46586458887333,19.398226162816556],[128.7982421781756,18.880075405074102],[128.134746004805,18.359557529795477],[127.47524739557687,17.836756575690654],[126.81961821128273,17.311755181998695],[126.16773088100894,16.78463463177223],[125.51945843071682,16.255474895391295],[124.87467450644374,15.724354674233364],[124.23325339246597,15.19135144443453],[123.59507002474965,14.656541500683847],[122.96,14.12]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"plcn:0","properties":{"id":"plcn:0","name":"Pacific Light Cable Network","systemId":"plcn","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · PLCN overview; Wikipedia · PLCN landing locality","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/plcn","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports US–Taiwan/Philippines commercial-operation licences granted January 2022; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"El Segundo, California, US","to":"Toucheng, Taiwan","fromId":"plcn:elsegundo","toId":"plcn:toucheng","note":"Cancelled US–Hong Kong connection is deliberately excluded. Selected authorised connections do not establish current operational status."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.42,33.92],[-119.15787882974067,34.38181768361228],[-119.90390195459298,34.839157718573084],[-120.6582186231728,35.291892538786705],[-121.42097590822326,35.739891871173896],[-122.19231831891044,36.183022727703914],[-122.97238738664193,36.62114940410955],[-123.76132122378804,37.054133485915976],[-124.5592540548059,37.48183386244245],[-125.36631571940617,37.90410674946332],[-126.1826311475693,38.32080572123847],[-127.00831980640642,38.73178175264543],[-127.84349511907894,39.13688327216264],[-128.6882638562343,39.53595622646695],[-129.54272550069123,39.92884415741642],[-130.40697158641103,40.31538829219118],[-131.28108501312627,40.695427647360425],[-132.1651393383624,41.068799147629875],[-133.05919804898278,41.43533776000225],[-133.96331381480744,41.79487664405109],[-134.8775277273056,42.1472473189649],[-135.80186852683102,42.49227984796361],[-136.7363518223591,42.829803040621236],[-137.68097930818692,43.159644673547085],[-138.6357379825699,43.481631729781654],[-139.60059937377795,43.79559065715216],[-140.5755187795605,44.10134764570665],[-141.56043452649345,44.39872892420335],[-142.5552672561434,44.68756107547506],[-143.55991924540172,44.96767137031617],[-144.57427376871127,45.23888811935357],[-145.59819451021252,45.501041042163784],[-146.6315250340617,45.753961652687906],[-147.67408832131028,45.997483659775966],[-148.72568638176554,46.231443381465645],[-149.78609994916692,46.45568017136894],[-150.85508826780028,46.670036855308744],[-151.93238897832063,46.87436017611853],[-153.01771811005875,47.068501244296094],[-154.1107701864411,47.2523159919919],[-155.211218449354,47.42566562761759],[-156.31871520733506,47.58841708818568],[-157.4328923113813,47.74044348634247],[-158.55336176093365,47.88162454893597],[-159.6797164412465,48.01184704387531],[-160.81153099189495,48.13100519198935],[-161.94836280463443,48.2390010605854],[-163.08975314723173,48.33574493544518],[-164.23522840826314,48.421155668076906],[-165.3843014562543,48.495160995170814],[-166.53647310495194,48.55769782737959],[-167.69123367500276,48.60871250476504],[-168.84806464090244,48.6481610165146],[-170.00644035080262,48.67600918283387],[-171.16582980565389,48.69223279725871],[-172.32569848324576,48.696817727998344],[-173.48551019200355,48.689759977313386],[-174.644728938933,48.67106569834185],[-175.8028207958803,48.64075116920648],[-176.9592557483017,48.59884272466004],[-178.11350951101335,48.54537664594309],[-179.26506529591057,48.48039900993569],[-180,48.43148219114812]],[[180,48.43148219114812],[179.58658448260448,48.40396549907211],[178.44193657778797,48.31614117384889],[177.3014753684681,48.21700021008795],[176.1656714155525,48.106625603410045],[175.0349801265416,47.985108843627735],[173.90984053592504,47.85254956197707],[172.79067420774442,47.70905515427202],[171.67788426498092,47.55474038318393],[170.57185454880613,47.38972696292019],[169.47294890914984,47.21414312960358],[168.38151062651417,47.02812320063734],[167.29786196353018,46.83180712628443],[166.22230384342402,46.62534003659649],[165.1551156513601,46.4088717867009],[164.09655515356457,46.182556503300056],[163.04685852821504,45.94655213505715],[162.0062405013182,45.70102000934475],[160.97489458018146,45.44612439761833],[159.95299337662217,45.18203209145393],[158.9406890117356,44.9089119910585],[157.93811359385825,44.62693470783017],[156.9453797613047,44.336272182314964],[155.96258128150848,44.03709731868079],[154.98979369835607,43.72958363661168],[154.02707501974487,43.413904941316524],[153.07446643771706,43.09023501215051],[152.1319930739003,42.7587473101636],[151.19966474341672,42.41961470472205],[150.2774767308864,42.07300921919441],[149.3654105726439,41.71910179555529],[148.46343483979135,41.35806207763686],[147.5715059172249,40.99005821265047],[146.68956877428027,40.61525667050729],[145.8175577231435,40.233822080388755],[144.95539716166002,39.845917083951925],[144.10300229763905,39.45170220450267],[143.26027985219432,39.05133573142857],[142.42712874007734,38.64497361915372],[141.6034407253472,38.23276939985711],[140.7891010510794,37.81487410918539],[139.9839890421436,37.39143622418654],[139.18797868037905,36.96260161269494],[138.40093915176314,36.528513493407054],[137.6227353654087,36.089312405901765],[136.8532284444366,35.64513618987725],[136.0922761889551,35.196119972899275],[135.33973351153608,34.74239616598011],[134.59545284571755,34.28409446633472],[133.85928452817342,33.82134186668987],[133.13107715528943,33.35426267055156],[132.410677914959,32.88297851286728],[131.69793289447523,32.40760838555052],[130.99268736544013,31.928268667366275],[130.29478604664487,31.44507315770724],[129.60407334589692,30.958133113820658],[128.9203935817802,30.467557291075615],[128.24359118633694,29.973451985889785],[127.57351088965444,29.47592108096188],[126.90999788732759,28.975066092483633],[126.25289799175108,28.47098621903042],[125.60205776817293,27.96377839185419],[124.95732465641495,27.453537326325947],[124.31854707913767,26.940355574296593],[123.68557453749567,26.424323577166195],[123.05825769499637,25.905529719471076],[122.43644845034218,25.38406038281649],[121.82,24.86]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"plcn:1","properties":{"id":"plcn:1","name":"Pacific Light Cable Network","systemId":"plcn","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Submarine Networks · PLCN overview; Wikipedia · PLCN landing locality","sourceUrl":"https://www.submarinenetworks.com/en/systems/trans-pacific/plcn","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Source reports US–Taiwan/Philippines commercial-operation licences granted January 2022; not live telemetry","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"El Segundo, California, US","to":"Baler, Philippines","fromId":"plcn:elsegundo","toId":"plcn:baler","note":"Cancelled US–Hong Kong connection is deliberately excluded. Selected authorised connections do not establish current operational status."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-118.42,33.92],[-119.26926143152289,34.332897836530925],[-120.12686357480777,34.739875249735434],[-120.99289237056836,35.140782455455096],[-121.86742694632794,35.53546778137946],[-122.75053909454773,35.92377776085113],[-123.64229273575161,36.30555723858353],[-124.5427433682543,36.68064948881426],[-125.45193750637416,37.048896346389704],[-126.36991210930184,37.41013835124158],[-127.2966940030989,37.764214906673566],[-128.23229929861213,38.11096445182404],[-129.17673280840805,38.45022464861033],[-130.12998746615364,38.78183258338956],[-131.09204375219102,39.10562498349039],[-132.06286912936724,39.421438448679886],[-133.04241749348418,39.729109697528955],[-134.0306286430195,40.028475828529146],[-135.0274277730312,40.319374595693475],[-136.0327249983892,40.601644698243874],[-137.04641491167152,40.87512608385037],[-138.06837618120764,41.139660264740925],[-139.09847119484934,41.39509064584924],[-140.13654575508033,41.64126286401066],[-141.18242883104367,41.87802513705685],[-142.23593237295933,42.10522862149784],[-143.29685119421458,42.32272777732101],[-144.36496292614137,42.530380738278936],[-145.44002805013162,42.72804968588802],[-146.52179001129505,42.915601225217756],[-147.60997541732246,43.092906760420455],[-148.70429432558996,43.259842867835744],[-149.80444062082714,43.41629166440574],[-150.91009248488132,43.562141169059174],[-152.020912959246,43.69728565466694],[-153.13655060010237,43.82162598814203],[-154.25664022465085,43.93506995625281],[-155.3808037465072,44.03753257474481],[-156.50865109691705,44.12893637842125],[-157.6397812275228,44.20921168991797],[-158.77378318941547,44.27829686502488],[-159.91023728223797,44.33613851255165],[-161.04871626620218,44.38269168691016],[-162.18878662904513,44.41792005178699],[-163.3300098992128,44.44179601350548],[-164.4719439959247,44.45430082292309],[-165.6141446062633,44.45542464497516],[-166.7561665790543,44.44516659525432],[-167.89756532506786,44.423534743303186],[-169.0378982129813,44.390546082591364],[-170.1767259506046,44.34622646744135],[-171.31361394107606,44.29061051745779],[-172.44813360408662,44.223741490295126],[-173.57986365267672,44.1456711238665],[-174.7083913167572,44.05645944934789],[-175.8333135052292,43.95617457656074],[-176.95423789939136,43.84489245352353],[-178.07078397121816,43.722696602141745],[-179.1825839210477,43.58967783215827],[-180,43.48350758386434]],[[180,43.48350758386434],[179.710716469787,43.44593393560747],[178.6094570748318,43.29156936410851],[177.51396274931577,43.12669489139422],[176.42454274930517,42.951427263503724],[175.34149024364717,42.76588883906877],[174.26508191821156,42.5702072220992],[173.19557767106411,42.364514889622306],[172.13322039639866,42.14894881645696],[171.0782358543266,41.92365009930928],[170.03083262297764,41.68876358226401],[168.99120212880726,41.44443748561841],[167.95951875054058,41.19082303986566],[166.93593999180413,40.92807412648589],[165.92060671720742,40.65634692704691],[164.91364344643418,40.37579958195765],[163.91515870077936,40.08659186005523],[162.92524539652024,39.788884840047345],[161.94398127953122,39.482840604672994],[160.9714293956358,39.16862194829223],[160.00763859132536,38.84639209846809],[159.05264403966012,38.516314451964725],[158.10646778639102,38.178552325453765],[157.16911931159842,37.83326872109952],[156.2405961024241,37.480626107080056],[155.32088423277435,37.12078621299966],[154.40995894618416,36.75390984005487],[153.50778523835245,36.38015668573428],[152.61431843618092,35.99968518276011],[151.72950477046726,35.61265235191626],[150.8532819397192,35.21921366835468],[149.9855796628582,34.81952294092692],[149.1263202188754,34.413732204051534],[148.27541897178088,34.0019916215993],[147.43278487944968,33.58444940225673],[146.5983209852158,33.16125172581352],[145.77192489129263,32.732542679810116],[144.95348921331117,32.29846420597815],[144.1429020154592,31.859156055906986],[143.340047225881,31.414755755374916],[142.54480503215441,30.96539857679156],[141.75705225680431,30.51121751921028],[140.97666271293534,30.05234329538276],[140.20350754017784,29.588904325344846],[139.43745552123474,29.12102673604025],[138.67837337940077,28.64883436650828],[137.92612605749264,28.172448778181852],[137.1805769786887,27.691989269863466],[136.44158828982106,27.207572896967875],[135.7090210877041,26.719314494642234],[134.98273562910833,26.22732670439604],[134.2625915250132,25.731720003894853],[133.5484479197833,25.232602739593005],[132.8401636559236,24.730081161901357],[132.13759742506835,24.22425946260641],[131.4406079058597,23.715239814276913],[130.749053889363,23.203122411412867],[130.06279439265796,22.688005513110333],[129.381688761231,22.169985487032818],[128.70559676078028,21.64915685449676],[128.03437865902683,21.12561233649453],[127.36789529810714,20.59944290049342],[126.70600815810313,20.070737807863523],[126.04857941224346,19.539584661800564],[125.39547197429033,19.006069455622878],[124.74654953860288,18.470276621333184],[124.10167661334722,17.932289078347434],[123.46071854730017,17.39218828230307],[122.82354155067343,16.850054273869176],[122.19001271036193,16.30596572748973],[121.56,15.76]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"pc1:0","properties":{"id":"pc1:0","name":"Pacific Crossing PC-1","systemId":"pc1","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Pacific Crossing · operator network description","sourceUrl":"https://www.pc1.com/network-and-services","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Operator describes its existing US–Japan ring; current live traffic not measured","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Harbour Pointe, Washington, US","to":"Ajigaura, Japan","fromId":"pc1:harbour","toId":"pc1:ajigaura","note":"Operator-listed ring landing localities; schematic trans-Pacific connections, not exact cable alignments. US/Japan coastal ring sections are not drawn here."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-122.31,47.9],[-122.9967298105343,48.168125776188596],[-123.6906218665244,48.43211844836334],[-124.39170346936464,48.691896132620585],[-125.09999638039208,48.94737622153534],[-125.81551650501098,49.19847544672337],[-126.53827357373808,49.44510994655032],[-127.26827082137629,49.687195339108285],[-128.00550466564692,49.924646800561824],[-128.7499643867328,50.15737914894547],[-129.50163180930713,50.38530693347132],[-130.26048098874267,50.60834452938],[-131.0264779033153,50.82640623833994],[-131.7995801543258,51.0394063943689],[-132.57973667617244,51.24725947521828],[-133.36688745850157,51.44988021912499],[-134.16096328265164,51.64718374679686],[-134.9618854746775,51.83908568845755],[-135.76956567730113,52.025502315733924],[-136.58390564317438,52.206350678125084],[-137.40479705186053,52.381548743746336],[-138.23212135294054,52.55101554399492],[-139.06574963762338,52.71467132173713],[-139.90554254119058,52.872437682569185],[-140.75135017852602,53.0242377486576],[-141.60301211487482,53.16999631461855],[-142.46035737383886,53.30964000485199],[-143.3232044844495,53.44309743170406],[-144.19136156895973,53.5702993537924],[-145.06462647277186,53.691178833793295],[-145.9427869376587,53.80567139495861],[-146.8256208191528,53.91371517560374],[-147.71289634866775,54.01525108078722],[-148.60437244058264,54.11022293038754],[-149.49979904416816,54.19857760277448],[-150.3989175398637,54.280265173271495],[-151.3014611790346,54.355239046611274],[-152.20715556595118,54.42345608260098],[-153.11571918034218,54.48487671423537],[-154.02686393848907,54.53946505752563],[-154.94029579045215,54.58718901234933],[-155.85571535065665,54.62802035367225],[-156.77281855872718,54.661934812545326],[-157.69129736714288,54.688912146339334],[-158.61084045200306,54.70893619774597],[-159.53113394294303,54.721994942145045],[-160.45186216803475,54.72808052301411],[-161.37270840934085,54.72718927513695],[-162.293355664674,54.71932173545049],[-163.21348741104575,54.70448264145488],[-164.1327883652679,54.682680917198155],[-165.05094523720442,54.653929646932056],[-165.9676474712498,54.61824603662113],[-166.88258797174154,54.57565136356956],[-167.79546380818877,54.52617091450919],[-168.70597689641784,54.46983391256785],[-169.61383465199302,54.40667343360671],[-170.51875061256305,54.3367263124797],[-171.42044502610588,54.26003303982604],[-172.31864540239133,54.17663765005737],[-173.21308702534708,54.08658760124434],[-174.10351342439256,53.98993364764309],[-174.98967680319228,53.886729705629946],[-175.87133842467026,53.77703271383219],[-176.7482689515118,53.66090248825453],[-177.62024874175864,53.538401573205874],[-178.4870680994668,53.40959508882718],[-179.34852748074573,53.274550576011755],[-180,53.16706708079283]],[[180,53.16706708079283],[179.79556234417572,53.13333783949267],[178.94538017190683,52.98602878984956],[178.1010942886497,52.83269728515969],[177.26286243327436,52.673418972985374],[176.4308317990182,52.50827113335352],[175.60513907192407,52.33733252334328],[174.7859105039715,52.16068322385516],[173.97326201872716,51.978404489090224],[173.16729934724015,51.79057859922186],[172.3681181918382,51.597288716695765],[171.5758044154345,51.39861874654638],[170.79043425393812,51.19465320107105],[170.01207454936386,50.98547706915669],[169.24078300126496,50.7711756905085],[168.47660843415557,50.55183463498674],[167.71959107865297,50.32753958721489],[166.96976286414608,50.09837623658336],[166.22714772088526,49.86443017273442],[165.49176188948934,49.62578678657923],[164.76361423597183,49.38253117686464],[164.04270657050375,49.134748062277474],[163.32903396824807,48.88252169904634],[162.62258509072234,48.62593580397591],[161.9233425062685,48.36507348282659],[161.2312830083313,48.10001716393232],[160.54637793036707,47.83084853693229],[159.86859345632433,47.55764849647701],[159.19789092575172,47.28049709075694],[158.5342271327006,46.99947347469089],[157.877554617696,46.71465586760317],[157.2278219521507,46.42612151521164],[156.58497401469322,46.13394665574394],[155.94895225897034,45.83820648999583],[155.3196949725685,45.538975155143525],[154.69713752677686,45.23632570212152],[154.08121261698622,44.93033007637765],[153.47185049358413,44.62105910181913],[152.86897918326656,44.30858246776548],[152.27252470074072,43.992968718727624],[151.68241125084288,43.67428524683656],[151.0985614211382,43.352598286749554],[150.52089636510848,43.0279729128666],[149.94933597606772,42.70047303869572],[149.383799051975,42.370161418211126],[148.82420345133892,42.03709964905449],[148.27046624043044,41.70134817743545],[147.72250383203797,41.36296630459417],[147.1802321160138,41.0220121946946],[146.64356658187242,40.678542884024054],[146.11242243371092,40.33261429138029],[145.58671469772713,39.98428122953428],[145.0663583226163,39.63359741766247],[144.55126827313,39.280615494648615],[144.04135961707937,38.9253870331611],[143.53654760606696,38.56796255441735],[143.0367477502267,38.20839154355249],[142.54187588724864,37.846722465514866],[142.05184824596134,37.483002781415884],[141.56658150473865,37.11727896526702],[141.08599284499172,36.749596521041106],[140.61,36.38]]]}},{"type":"Feature","id":"pc1:1","properties":{"id":"pc1:1","name":"Pacific Crossing PC-1","systemId":"pc1","kind":"fibre","geometryRole":"schematic_connectivity","geometryBasis":"Watchtower-authored schematic great-circle links between approximate named landing localities. Not seabed routes, exact landing stations, branching units or surveyed cable positions.","source":"Pacific Crossing · operator network description","sourceUrl":"https://www.pc1.com/network-and-services","reviewedOn":"2026-10-15","sourceStatus":"Operator describes its existing US–Japan ring; current live traffic not measured","lifecycle":"reference","license":"CC-BY-4.0","from":"Grover Beach, California, US","to":"Shima, Japan","fromId":"pc1:grover","toId":"pc1:shima","note":"Operator-listed ring landing localities; schematic trans-Pacific connections, not exact cable alignments. US/Japan coastal ring sections are not drawn here."},"geometry":{"type":"MultiLineString","coordinates":[[[-120.62,35.12],[-121.24680245711048,35.4758693082884],[-121.87915276220647,35.82846909514382],[-122.51712039450139,36.17772722981881],[-123.16077318273338,36.523570486922814],[-123.81017714380224,36.86592455462237],[-124.46539631422888,37.20471404531205],[-125.12649257444087,37.53986250890764],[-125.79352546592119,37.87129244891588],[-126.46655200129771,38.198925341438],[-127.14562646749145,38.52268165726495],[-127.83080022208917,38.842480887224355],[-128.522121483155,39.1582415709387],[-129.21963511274964,39.469881329153175],[-129.92338239448412,39.77731689979073],[-130.63340080549574,40.08046417788795],[-131.34972378329974,40.379238259561596],[-132.07238048803862,40.67355349015025],[-132.8013955607233,40.963323516667984],[-133.53678887813578,41.24846134469901],[-134.27857530513947,41.52887939985153],[-135.0267644452251,41.80448959387766],[-135.78136039019978,42.075203395551796],[-136.5423614700106,42.340931906385],[-137.30976000377615,42.601585941234674],[-138.08354205318182,42.85707611384965],[-138.8636871794755,43.10731292736899],[-139.65016820537835,43.35220686976927],[-140.4429509833002,43.59166851422948],[-141.24199417131868,43.825608624354935],[-142.0472490184461,44.053938264172146],[-142.85865916076298,44.2765689127755],[-143.6761604300479,44.49341258347315],[-144.4996806765685,44.704381947245516],[-145.3291396077279,44.909390460293835],[-146.1644486442728,45.10835249541923],[-147.0055107957706,45.301183476935506],[-147.8522205570478,45.487800018780575],[-148.7044638272496,45.668120065453245],[-149.56211785313153,45.84206303536431],[-150.42505119812714,46.00954996615359],[-151.29312373864897,46.17050366148839],[-152.1661866889741,46.32484883882432],[-153.0440826559403,46.47251227757698],[-153.9266457245345,46.61342296712288],[-154.81370157529022,46.747512254021096],[-155.70506763422995,46.87471398782378],[-156.6005532558868,46.99496466482386],[-157.49995993972703,47.10820356907348],[-158.40308158006258,47.214372909996115],[-159.30970474930433,47.31341795591065],[-160.21960901415267,47.40528716278551],[-161.13256728406628,47.48993229754762],[-162.04834619108667,47.56730855528269],[-162.96670649983378,47.63737466968188],[-163.88740354622695,47.70009301611359],[-164.8101877032328,47.75542970672995],[-165.73480487169428,47.803354677053576],[-166.66099699406544,47.843841763531834],[-167.58850258865968,47.87686877159344],[-168.51705730182235,47.90241753379404],[-169.4463944752665,47.92047395769428],[-170.37624572566006,47.931028063174224],[-171.30634153343283,47.93407400895207],[-172.23641183767873,47.929610108140864],[-173.1661866339688,47.91763883274621],[-174.0953965718602,47.898166807076095],[-175.02377354889018,47.871204790104706],[-175.95105129787896,47.83676764690052],[-176.87696596443254,47.79487430929753],[-177.8012566716341,47.745547726053864],[-178.72366606903867,47.688814802805645],[-179.6439408632407,47.624706332183855],[-180,47.5969903995622]],[[180,47.5969903995622],[179.43816767253966,47.55325691451733],[178.5229032122031,47.474504869596686],[177.61050391598528,47.388492140020254],[176.70120199703697,47.29526418668338],[175.7952233170228,47.194869877008315],[174.8927870121343,47.08736136654034],[173.9941051506537,46.97279397455943],[173.0993824229394,46.85122605437342],[172.20881586444574,46.72271885896979],[171.32259461212942,46.58733640270819],[170.44089969434833,46.445145319735],[169.56390385411694,46.29621471979557],[168.69177140535643,46.14061604210785],[167.82465812156562,45.97842290794587],[166.96271115614115,45.80971097256069],[166.1060689933975,45.6345577770427],[165.2548614291769,45.453042600701195],[164.4092095797976,45.26524631450691],[163.5692259179676,45.071251236110186],[162.73501433418915,44.87114098691253],[161.9066702220956,44.66500035163292],[161.08428058609942,44.45291514077299],[160.2679241696835,44.23497205634696],[159.45767160264015,44.01125856120425],[158.65358556554895,43.78186275223447],[157.85572096978873,43.54687323770731],[157.0641251513939,43.30637901896294],[156.27883807709614,43.06046937663307],[155.4998925609306,42.80923376153877],[154.72731448983743,42.55276169037816],[153.9611230567469,42.291142646286524],[153.20133099970053,42.024465984321814],[152.4479448456338,41.75282084190155],[151.70096515751928,41.47629605419174],[150.9603867836494,41.1949800744252],[150.22619910791798,40.908960899105494],[149.49838630004243,40.618325998033384],[148.7769275647523,40.32316224907558],[148.06179738904976,40.02355587758031],[147.3529657867319,39.71959240033056],[146.65039853944126,39.41135657391482],[145.954057433591,39.098932347384505],[145.26390049258353,38.782402819059676],[144.57988220381375,38.46185019733762],[143.90195374001715,38.13735576535349],[143.23006317458527,37.80899984933849],[142.56415569053428,37.47686179051807],[141.90417378286793,37.14101992039122],[141.25005745412966,36.801551539231156],[140.60174440298823,36.45853289764784],[139.95917020574564,36.11203918105454],[139.32226849069912,35.76214449688143],[138.69097110532564,35.40892186438279],[138.0652082762917,35.05244320688647],[137.44490876232388,34.69277934633866],[136.83,34.33]]]}}]}