{"schemaVersion":"watchtower-ancient-map-catalogue-v1","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T05:04:36.411869+00:00","collections":[{"id":"mesopotamia","label":"Mesopotamia & Babylonian world pictures","region":"West Asia","context":"Clay-tablet maps combine places, waterways and ideas about the surrounding world. Compare the represented world with the physical object; a modern photograph or explanatory drawing has a different date from the ancient work.","questions":"What is placed at the centre? Which waterways and regions are named? Is this an ancient object, a photograph, or a later interpretation?","queries":["intitle:\"Babylonian map\" -intitle:Stamp","\"Nippur\" \"map\""],"limit":12},{"id":"egypt","label":"Egyptian surveying & maps of ancient Egypt","region":"Africa","context":"This collection brings early surveying objects together with later maps of Egyptian places. Later archaeological and historical reconstructions must not be mistaken for maps drawn by ancient Egyptians.","questions":"Does the sheet describe a route, a resource or a whole region? Check the maker and date before treating a reconstruction as an ancient original.","queries":["\"Turin papyrus map\"","intitle:\"ancient Egypt\" map"],"limit":14},{"id":"greek-ptolemaic","label":"Greek geography & Ptolemaic traditions","region":"Mediterranean","context":"Ptolemaic atlases and later reconstructions transmit geographical ideas across many centuries. An early-modern printed Ptolemy map is a later edition of an ancient tradition, not a surviving ancient printed map.","questions":"Compare graticules, the inhabited world and enclosed seas. Separate the edition's date from the geographical tradition it represents.","queries":["intitle:Ptolemy map","intitle:Ptolemaeus map","intitle:Eratosthenes map","intitle:Anaximander map"],"limit":14},{"id":"roman","label":"Roman routes & reconstructed Roman worlds","region":"Mediterranean","context":"Route diagrams and reconstructions answer different questions. The Peutinger tradition emphasizes connections between places; modern empire maps reconstruct territorial extent from later scholarship.","questions":"Are distances and routes more important than shape? Does a colored extent represent a particular dated reconstruction?","queries":["intitle:\"Tabula Peutingeriana\"","intitle:\"Roman Empire\" map"],"limit":18},{"id":"islamic","label":"Arabic & Persian cartographic traditions","region":"West Asia","context":"Manuscript maps associated with al-Idrisi, al-Istakhri and related geographical traditions use conventions that differ from modern north-up political maps. Surviving copies and modern redrawn versions have their own dates.","questions":"Check orientation, sea forms, regional networks and manuscript language. Do not assume north is at the top.","queries":["intitle:Idrisi map","intitle:Istakhri","intitle:\"Ibn Hawqal\" map","intitle:\"Tabula Rogeriana\""],"limit":14},{"id":"ottoman","label":"Ottoman navigation & atlases","region":"West Asia","context":"Nautical charts and later printed atlases show different uses of geographical knowledge in Ottoman settings. Preserve the sheet's stated authorship and date rather than assigning all maps of Ottoman territory to Ottoman makers.","questions":"Look for coastal detail, ports, compass networks and the distinction between a navigational chart and a political atlas.","queries":["intitle:\"Piri Reis\" map","intitle:\"Cedit Atlas\"","intitle:\"Katip Celebi\" map"],"limit":16},{"id":"china","label":"Chinese cartographic traditions","region":"East Asia","context":"Stone maps, administrative maps and world maps have different purposes. Chinese and Sino-European works should be read with their original titles, makers and conventions; territory depicted is not a modern sovereignty judgment.","questions":"Compare grids, rivers, place-name density and the treatment of distant regions. Is the surviving image a rubbing, a scan or a redrawing?","queries":["intitle:\"Yu Ji Tu\"","intitle:\"Da Ming Hun Yi Tu\"","intitle:\"Kunyu Wanguo\"","intitle:\"Selden Map\"","intitle:\"Huangyu\" map"],"limit":14},{"id":"korea","label":"Korean world maps & regional atlases","region":"East Asia","context":"Kangnido and other Korean mapping traditions combine information from different textual and cartographic sources. The date associated with an original composition may differ from that of a surviving copy.","questions":"Compare the scale given to different regions and consult the source's copy/edition information.","queries":["intitle:Kangnido","intitle:Cheonhado","intitle:\"Daedongyeojido\""],"limit":16},{"id":"japan","label":"Japanese maps & world pictures","region":"East Asia","context":"Japanese regional, route and world maps include distinct manuscript and printed traditions. Source dates and maker identities are kept separate from the period represented.","questions":"Look at orientation, province boundaries, pilgrimage or travel routes and how coastlines are represented.","queries":["\"Gyoki\" map","intitle:\"Kunyu\" Japan","intitle:\"Bankoku\" map","\"Ino\" \"map of Japan\""],"limit":14},{"id":"south-asia","label":"South Asian maps & cosmographies","region":"South Asia","context":"Cosmographic diagrams, regional maps and colonial surveys coexist in this collection. A cosmography may express an ordered universe rather than measurable terrestrial coordinates; colonial maps of South Asia do not necessarily have South Asian authors.","questions":"Identify the map's purpose and maker. Which parts are geographic, administrative, navigational or cosmological?","queries":["\"Jain\" \"map\"","intitle:\"Jambudvipa\"","\"Mughal\" map","\"India\" \"map\" \"1800\""],"limit":14},{"id":"mesoamerica","label":"Mesoamerican maps & colonial encounters","region":"Americas","context":"Indigenous pictorial traditions and colonial-era representations can appear together in map collections. A European engraving of an Indigenous city is not equivalent to a map authored within that community.","questions":"Read place signs, genealogy, movement and land claims alongside the catalogue's authorship and production context.","queries":["intitle:\"Codex Xolotl\"","intitle:\"Mapa de Cuauhtinchan\"","intitle:\"Tenochtitlan\" map","intitle:\"Codex Zouche\" map"],"limit":14},{"id":"pacific","label":"Pacific navigation & island mapping","region":"Oceania","context":"Navigation objects and charts can encode relationships among swells, islands and routes rather than reproduce a north-up coastline. Historical charts made by visiting surveyors have a different provenance from Indigenous navigational objects.","questions":"What knowledge does the object encode, and who made it? A stick chart is not a political-border map.","queries":["\"Marshall Islands\" \"stick chart\"","intitle:\"Tupaia\" map","\"Pacific\" \"chart\" \"1800\""],"limit":14},{"id":"medieval-europe","label":"Medieval European world maps","region":"Europe","context":"Mappae mundi often arrange sacred history, places and peoples within a meaningful world picture. They should not be judged solely as inaccurate versions of a modern navigation map.","questions":"Locate the centre and orientation. Which stories or places receive emphasis, and what was the map intended to communicate?","queries":["intitle:\"Hereford\" map","intitle:\"Ebstorf\" map","intitle:\"Sawley\" map","intitle:\"Fra Mauro\" map","intitle:\"Catalan Atlas\""],"limit":14},{"id":"portolan","label":"Portolan charts & Mediterranean navigation","region":"Mediterranean","context":"Portolan charts emphasize coasts, ports and directional networks. Decorative and political imagery is context, not automatically a surveyed boundary.","questions":"Compare the coastlines with the chart's dense port labels and rhumb-line network. Does the catalogue identify a chartmaker or later copy?","queries":["intitle:\"portolan\" chart","intitle:\"Pietro Vesconte\"","intitle:\"Dulcert\""],"limit":16},{"id":"iberian","label":"Portuguese & Spanish maritime worlds","region":"Europe","context":"Early-modern planispheres combine new voyage information with inherited conventions and political claims. Names, blank areas and lines can reveal the limits and ambitions of the maker's information.","questions":"Compare newly represented coasts and older geographical assumptions. Distinguish a claim or division line from effective control.","queries":["intitle:\"Cantino\"","intitle:\"Caverio\"","intitle:\"Juan de la Cosa\" map","intitle:\"Ribeiro\" map","intitle:\"Waldseemuller\" map"],"limit":14},{"id":"dutch","label":"Dutch & Flemish atlas making","region":"Europe","context":"Printed atlases circulated geographical information through repeated editions. Decorative borders and inscriptions can change while plates are reused, so edition and depicted-period dates deserve separate attention.","questions":"Compare projections, plate editions, inscriptions and the treatment of newly reported coastlines.","queries":["intitle:\"Ortelius\" world","intitle:\"Mercator\" world","intitle:\"Blaeu\" map","intitle:\"Hondius\" world","intitle:\"Visscher\" map"],"limit":16},{"id":"french","label":"French cartography & surveys","region":"Europe","context":"Regional surveys and world atlases use different scales and evidentiary practices. A map's publication year need not be the year all of its geographical information was surveyed.","questions":"Inspect scale, survey information and political labels. Which details come from measurement and which from compilation?","queries":["intitle:\"Delisle\" map","intitle:\"Sanson\" map","intitle:\"Cassini\" map","intitle:\"d'Anville\" map"],"limit":16},{"id":"british","label":"British atlases & imperial-era surveys","region":"Europe","context":"Commercial atlases, navigation charts and imperial surveys reflect different makers and purposes. Administrative coloring or claims should not be treated as a neutral account of every community on the ground.","questions":"Look for the publisher, edition, survey date and the legend's meaning for colored boundaries.","queries":["intitle:\"John Speed\" map","intitle:\"John Cary\" map","intitle:\"Arrowsmith\" map","intitle:\"John Thomson\" map"],"limit":16},{"id":"russian","label":"Russian, Siberian & Eurasian mapping","region":"Eurasia","context":"Maps of northern Eurasia include manuscript geographic descriptions, exploration charts and administrative atlases. Source authorship and language identify viewpoint; an imperial label is not an endorsement of a territorial claim.","questions":"Compare river routes, settlements, administrative divisions and the coverage of surveyed versus less documented areas.","queries":["intitle:\"Remezov\" map","intitle:\"Russian Empire\" map","intitle:\"Siberia\" map \"1800\""],"limit":16},{"id":"africa","label":"Africa in historical cartography","region":"Africa","context":"These maps concern African regions but may have African or outside makers. The collection label describes geography, not authorship. Compare changing information, trade routes and colonial claims with the source's production context.","questions":"Who produced the map? Which communities and names are visible or omitted? Are internal borders claims, administrative lines or reconstructed states?","queries":["\"Ethiopian\" \"map\"","intitle:\"Africa\" map \"1700\"","intitle:\"Africa\" map \"1800\"","intitle:\"Africa\" map \"1914\""],"limit":16},{"id":"americas","label":"American atlases & changing states","region":"Americas","context":"Maps of the Americas show Indigenous homelands, colonial projects, surveys and changing states through very different source viewpoints. Later historical maps are reconstructions rather than contemporary records of the periods they depict.","questions":"Compare land claims, administrative lines and named communities. Check whether a map is contemporary to its subject or retrospective.","queries":["intitle:\"North America\" map \"1700\"","intitle:\"South America\" map \"1800\"","intitle:\"Mexico\" map \"1820\"","intitle:\"United States\" map \"1850\""],"limit":16},{"id":"modern-world","label":"Nineteenth- and twentieth-century world maps","region":"World","context":"Newer world maps make useful comparisons with older charts and dated historical reconstructions. Published boundaries, disputed territories and colonial coloring must be read in the context of each source date and legend.","questions":"Which borders, place names and projections changed? The newest image in this collection is not automatically a complete current political reference.","queries":["intitle:\"world map\" \"1800\"","intitle:\"world map\" \"1850\"","intitle:\"world map\" \"1914\"","intitle:\"world map\" \"1945\"","intitle:\"world map\" \"1990\""],"limit":16}],"maps":[{"id":"commons-91145285","pageId":91145285,"title":"Babylonian Map of the World, 700-500 BC.jpg","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"Babylonian Map of the World, 700-500 BC Mesopotamia 1500-539 BC Gallery, British Museum, London, England, UK. Complete indexed photo collection at WorldHistoryPics.com.","creator":"Gary Todd","credit":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/101561334@N08/36394226722/","sourceDateText":"2017-08-01 22:37:39","sourceDateRange":[2017,2017],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2020-06-12 06:54:52","workDateRange":[-700,-500],"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Photograph of an ancient clay-tablet map","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babylonian_Map_of_the_World,_700-500_BC.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World%2C_700-500_BC.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World%2C_700-500_BC.jpg/1280px-Babylonian_Map_of_the_World%2C_700-500_BC.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-91145285-23b3303295f6063c.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1692,"originalWidth":2857,"originalHeight":3777,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"227e9a343c467e2e98cdce999191653e5e06a89e","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:33.443405+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","workDateBasis":"Commons object title and description: Babylonian Map of the World, 700–500 BC; photograph dated 2017.","previewSha256":"23b3303295f6063ced9fac7a34ea84933e2d0ecee0d02a5592c9cea657777d1d","previewBytes":540394},{"id":"commons-42131230","pageId":42131230,"title":"The Babylonian map of the world, from Sippar, Mesopotamia..JPG","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"A close-up view of the. This partially broken clay tablet contains both cuneiform inscriptions and a unique map of the Mesopotamian world. Probably from Sippar, Mesopotamia, Iraq. 700-500 BCE. The British Museum, London.","creator":"Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg)","credit":"Own work","sourceDateText":"2014-01-30","sourceDateRange":[2014,2014],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2015-08-06 14:46:44","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Babylonian_map_of_the_world,_from_Sippar,_Mesopotamia..JPG","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/The_Babylonian_map_of_the_world%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/The_Babylonian_map_of_the_world%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG/1280px-The_Babylonian_map_of_the_world%2C_from_Sippar%2C_Mesopotamia..JPG","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-42131230-813870fa2c60f2a0.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":850,"originalWidth":4288,"originalHeight":2848,"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","attributionRequired":true,"sourceSha1":"230666d46d4fcbf05527670930830a7d06765e62","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:33.443405+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"813870fa2c60f2a0e1aa701572389413172a9a0055a8320fc1620024a6e85723","previewBytes":335439},{"id":"commons-157139933","pageId":157139933,"title":"Geography 004 - Babylonian Map of the World - Interpretation.jpg","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"Year Created: c.700 to 500 BCE Country of Origin: Sippar, southern Iraq Creator: Unknown Babylonian cartographer Materials Used: Etched clay tablet Area Depicted: Known world at the time to the Babylonians; centered on the Euphrates River web.archive.org/web/20210513215609/http:/www.henry-davis....","creator":"BioKnowlogy","credit":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/194235528@N08/52686113627/","sourceDateText":"2023-02-13 07:23:36","sourceDateRange":[2023,2023],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2024-12-26 23:46:26","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geography_004_-_Babylonian_Map_of_the_World_-_Interpretation.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Geography_004_-_Babylonian_Map_of_the_World_-_Interpretation.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Geography_004_-_Babylonian_Map_of_the_World_-_Interpretation.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-157139933-8542e09e4f3653f2.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1132,"originalWidth":1092,"originalHeight":966,"license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"36d7bcd185fd28e4f8cfd399dae0cce590bf1437","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:33.443405+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"8542e09e4f3653f2af862b31fa81f82bde4749f64f496c2962d5f0f9bfe1bf9b","previewBytes":295742},{"id":"commons-30494069","pageId":30494069,"title":"Antiker Stadtplan von Nippur mit Übersetzungen.jpg","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"Clay tablet containing city map of Nippur with (german) translations by Samuel N. Kramer","creator":"Alexrk2","credit":"Own work","sourceDateText":"2014-01","sourceDateRange":[2014,2014],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2014-01-05 20:41:15","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antiker_Stadtplan_von_Nippur_mit_%C3%9Cbersetzungen.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Antiker_Stadtplan_von_Nippur_mit_%C3%9Cbersetzungen.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Antiker_Stadtplan_von_Nippur_mit_%C3%9Cbersetzungen.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-30494069-a46bb26c7e331ad3.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":978,"originalWidth":1153,"originalHeight":881,"license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","attributionRequired":true,"sourceSha1":"aad5c29f18a1c57088466df431c62d4288050566","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:34.234619+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"a46bb26c7e331ad33389d3be5f7c1fac6288c6702727a7b73913d0cae5040f5c","previewBytes":435915},{"id":"commons-30407729","pageId":30407729,"title":"Clay tablet containing plan of Nippur (Hilprecht EBL 1903).jpg","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"Clay tablet containing city map of Nippur","creator":"Hermann Vollrat Hilprecht","credit":"Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century (1903) online","sourceDateText":"Photo released 1903; Clay tablet prob. 1400 BC","sourceDateRange":null,"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2013-12-30 19:59:33","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clay_tablet_containing_plan_of_Nippur_(Hilprecht_EBL_1903).jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Clay_tablet_containing_plan_of_Nippur_%28Hilprecht_EBL_1903%29.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Clay_tablet_containing_plan_of_Nippur_%28Hilprecht_EBL_1903%29.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-30407729-8aaffbaf517ea6a6.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1074,"originalWidth":1173,"originalHeight":984,"license":"Public domain","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"c65341e4d53aa8754103f64e86d7126ee9eef915","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:34.234619+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"8aaffbaf517ea6a61d0e2db5ca524ed12961088cae8698ce4118abe33a640754","previewBytes":295254},{"id":"commons-89129814","pageId":89129814,"title":"Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur 1550-1450 BCE.jpg","collections":["mesopotamia"],"regions":["West Asia"],"description":"Babylonian cuneiform tablet with a map from Nippur 1550-1450 BCE. Kassite period [1] The \"Indiana Jones and the Adventure of Archaeology\" exhibit also included real artifacts excavated in regions visited by the ficitional Indiana Jones in the feature film series. These artifacts were recovered from expeditions by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania who provided them to National Geographic for the exhibition. Photographed at the \"Indiana Jones and the Adventure of Archaeology\" exhibit at the National Geographic Museum in Washington D.C.","creator":"Mary Harrsch","credit":"https://www.flickr.com/photos/mharrsch/19212374832/","sourceDateText":"2015-05-22 06:46:41","sourceDateRange":[2015,2015],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2020-04-14 13:28:28","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Babylonian_cuneiform_tablet_with_a_map_from_Nippur_1550-1450_BCE.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Babylonian_cuneiform_tablet_with_a_map_from_Nippur_1550-1450_BCE.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Babylonian_cuneiform_tablet_with_a_map_from_Nippur_1550-1450_BCE.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-89129814-1cc5b4e7304d5cae.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1707,"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":1600,"license":"CC BY 2.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","attributionRequired":true,"sourceSha1":"1181c6f20e1e8bc83dcc3190f56886d5824b459b","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:34.234619+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"1cc5b4e7304d5cae67110dec61104bf8ebcfc1b3d821a9bccfe4f74e951cf4de","previewBytes":296260},{"id":"commons-144236755","pageId":144236755,"title":"Turin Papyrus (geological map) - Museo Egizio Turin C 1879 1969 1899 p01.jpg","collections":["egypt"],"regions":["Africa"],"description":"Consult the source catalogue for the map/object description.","creator":"Not supplied in source metadata","credit":"Museo Egizio","sourceDateText":"between 1156 and 1150 BC Egyptian Empire (circa 1550 BC–1070 BC)","sourceDateRange":null,"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. 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Rechtsonder genummerd: 1. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniem, uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 442 mm × b 526 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaar, star-chart, star map, instruments used in geodesy, surveying instruments, planets; planetary system, solar system Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702206","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2019-12-31 14:17:26","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Planisphaerium_Ptolemaicum_sive_machina_orbium_mundi_ex_hypothesi_(..)_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-29-1-3.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Planisphaerium_Ptolemaicum_sive_machina_orbium_mundi_ex_hypothesi_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-3.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Planisphaerium_Ptolemaicum_sive_machina_orbium_mundi_ex_hypothesi_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-3.jpg/1280px-Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Planisphaerium_Ptolemaicum_sive_machina_orbium_mundi_ex_hypothesi_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-3.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-85473252-34f08808cae3221b.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1087,"originalWidth":5856,"originalHeight":4972,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"2cf9eb227109c49aa93f236f3fd5911252181a15","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:38.270265+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"34f08808cae3221bc31108036077c6e50bdf3bc9c468fa72db88c9eb239f3b35","previewBytes":416199},{"id":"commons-85473739","pageId":85473739,"title":"Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus Orbium planetarum terram complectentium scenographia (titel op object), RP-P-AO-29-1-5.jpg","collections":["greek-ptolemaic"],"regions":["Mediterranean"],"description":"Identificatie Titel(s): Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Orbium planetarum terram complectentium scenographia (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-5 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM03:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart waar het geocentrische stelsel van Ptolemaeus op te zien is. In het midden de aarde, met daaromheen de dierenriem en de banen van de planeten, de maan en de zon. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Links- en rechtsboven een titelcartouche, gedragen door putti. Linksonder een bol met daarin een kleine weergave van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus, rechtsonder een bol met kleine weergave van het stelsel van Tycho Brahe. Rechtsonder genummerd: 3. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniem, uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object), verlener van privilege: Staten van Holland en West-Friesland (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) / etsen Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 431 mm × b 497 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaarstar-chart, star mapinstruments used in geodesy, surveying instrumentsplanets; planetary system, solar system Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702213","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2019-12-31 14:25:24","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Orbium_planetarum_terram_complectentium_scenographia_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-29-1-5.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Orbium_planetarum_terram_complectentium_scenographia_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-5.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Orbium_planetarum_terram_complectentium_scenographia_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-5.jpg/1280px-Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Orbium_planetarum_terram_complectentium_scenographia_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-5.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-85473739-ac5115a6b051e6a2.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1074,"originalWidth":5948,"originalHeight":4992,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"d42d0bb7a5f77928271ebd64a5ac48f748d467bd","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:38.270265+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"ac5115a6b051e6a257f3450770601928a1ea68c17512bf8a31ccc4a51381851b","previewBytes":378612},{"id":"commons-85473456","pageId":85473456,"title":"Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus Scenographia systematis mundani Ptolemaici (titel op object), RP-P-AO-29-1-4.jpg","collections":["greek-ptolemaic"],"regions":["Mediterranean"],"description":"Identificatie Titel(s): Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Scenographia systematis mundani Ptolemaici (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-4 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM02:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart waar het geocentrische stelsel van Ptolemaeus op te zien is. Centraal een driedimensionale weergave van de aardbol met het oostelijk halfrond, met daaromheen de dierenriem en de banen van de planeten, de maan en de zon. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Links- en rechtsboven een titelcartouche, gedragen door putti. Daaronder putti met verschillende meetkundige instrumenten. Links- en rechtsonder een voorstelling met een cartograaf, een wereldbol en meetkundige instrumenten. Rechtsonder genummerd: 2. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniem, uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) / etsen Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 427 mm × b 509 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaar, star-chart, star map, instruments used in geodesy, surveying instruments, planets; planetary system, solar system Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702209","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2019-12-31 14:21:00","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Scenographia_systematis_mundani_Ptolemaici_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-29-1-4.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Scenographia_systematis_mundani_Ptolemaici_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-4.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Scenographia_systematis_mundani_Ptolemaici_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-4.jpg/1280px-Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Scenographia_systematis_mundani_Ptolemaici_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-4.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-85473456-ed4802ca9ad458de.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1088,"originalWidth":5892,"originalHeight":5010,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"fba19d19c2d90387258171d248e1c6e3683445ab","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:38.270265+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"ed4802ca9ad458de971c5200c14fb0712f72f7ee14a6e3bc1c7cbfee8bc081c0","previewBytes":395212},{"id":"commons-85475900","pageId":85475900,"title":"Hemelkaart van de baan van de maan rond de aarde, volgens Ptolemaeus Theoria Lunae, eius motum per eccentricum et epicyclum demonstrans (titel op object), RP-P-AO-29-1-20.jpg","collections":["greek-ptolemaic"],"regions":["Mediterranean"],"description":"Identificatie Titel(s): Hemelkaart van de baan van de maan rond de aarde, volgens Ptolemaeus. Theoria Lunae, eius motum per eccentricum et epicyclum demonstrans (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-20 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM18:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart van de baan van de maan rond de aarde, volgens het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Op de kaart zijn de schijngestalten van de maan weergegeven. In de buitenste ring is de dierenriem te zien. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Links- en rechtsboven de titelcartouches. Links- en rechtsonder bollen met versimpelde weergaven van de baan van de maan volgens het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Rechtsonder genummerd: 18. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: Johannes van Loon (vermeld op object), uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) / etsen Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 434 mm × b 515 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaarstar-chart, star mapde maan als hemellichaamplanets; planetary system, solar system Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702286","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2019-12-31 15:21:52","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemelkaart_van_de_baan_van_de_maan_rond_de_aarde,_volgens_Ptolemaeus_Theoria_Lunae,_eius_motum_per_eccentricum_et_epicyclum_demonstrans_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-29-1-20.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Hemelkaart_van_de_baan_van_de_maan_rond_de_aarde%2C_volgens_Ptolemaeus_Theoria_Lunae%2C_eius_motum_per_eccentricum_et_epicyclum_demonstrans_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-20.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hemelkaart_van_de_baan_van_de_maan_rond_de_aarde%2C_volgens_Ptolemaeus_Theoria_Lunae%2C_eius_motum_per_eccentricum_et_epicyclum_demonstrans_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-20.jpg/1280px-thumbnail.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-85475900-f534f80103848f69.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1092,"originalWidth":5836,"originalHeight":4980,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"a8acad79f206dfb0312aa3bbd9a85598e031e407","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:38.270265+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"f534f80103848f6947bf0ef25f729700dc7b5843e13afa4a64e869a2936be257","previewBytes":383791},{"id":"commons-85475523","pageId":85475523,"title":"Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus Hypothetis Ptolemaica sive communis planetarum motus per eccentricos (..) (titel op object), RP-P-AO-29-1-16.jpg","collections":["greek-ptolemaic"],"regions":["Mediterranean"],"description":"Identificatie Titel(s): Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Hypothetis Ptolemaica sive communis planetarum motus per eccentricos (...) (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-16 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM14:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus, waarop zowel de excentrische als de epicyclische baan van de planeten is weergegeven. Links- en rechtsboven de titelcartouches. Links- en rechtsonder bollen met daarin weergaven van onderdelen van het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Rechtsonder genummerd: 14. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniem, uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 431 mm × b 507 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaarstar-chart, star mapplanets; planetary system, solar system Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702261","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. Upload time is separate.","uploadDate":"2019-12-31 15:13:09","workDateRange":null,"depictedDateRange":null,"representation":"Source map image / object; copy or reconstruction status requires source context","sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Hypothetis_Ptolemaica_sive_communis_planetarum_motus_per_eccentricos_(..)_(titel_op_object),_RP-P-AO-29-1-16.jpg","originalUrl":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Hypothetis_Ptolemaica_sive_communis_planetarum_motus_per_eccentricos_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-16.jpg","previewSourceUrl":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Hypothetis_Ptolemaica_sive_communis_planetarum_motus_per_eccentricos_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-16.jpg/1280px-Hemelkaart_van_het_stelsel_van_Ptolemaeus_Hypothetis_Ptolemaica_sive_communis_planetarum_motus_per_eccentricos_%28..%29_%28titel_op_object%29%2C_RP-P-AO-29-1-16.jpg","previewUrl":"/assets/ancient-map-preview-commons-85475523-d136af9bc3d4616a.jpg","previewStatus":"locally-cached-source-preview","width":1280,"height":1091,"originalWidth":5788,"originalHeight":4934,"license":"CC0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en","attributionRequired":false,"sourceSha1":"6106fd111e170ba9ea984cca3ebfce875a38891c","retrievedAt":"2026-10-29T04:54:38.270265+00:00","georeferenced":false,"alignmentNotice":"Image comparison is not geographic registration; no inferred footprint or border geometry.","previewSha256":"d136af9bc3d4616a937332389b77d07f5777007ff1119334e2ed4746361f1d9b","previewBytes":392166},{"id":"commons-85475043","pageId":85475043,"title":"Hemelkaart van de aarde volgens het stelsel van Ptolemaeus Situs terrae circulis coelestibus circundatae (titel op object), RP-P-AO-29-1-13.jpg","collections":["greek-ptolemaic"],"regions":["Mediterranean"],"description":"Identificatie Titel(s): Hemelkaart van de aarde volgens het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Situs terrae circulis coelestibus circundatae (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-13 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM11:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart van de aarde met daaromheen meridianen, keerkringen en de baan van de sterren, in de vorm van de dierenriem. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Links- en rechtsboven de titel, omgeven door putti. Rechtsonder Urania. Rechtsonder genummerd: 11. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: Johannes van Loon (vermeld op object), uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object), verlener van privilege: Staten van Holland en West-Friesland (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) / etsen Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 432 mm × b 509 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. Onderwerp Wat: dierenriem; de twaalf tekens van de dierenriem bij elkaarstar-chart, star mapinstruments used in geodesy, surveying instrumentsplanets; planetary system, solar system. Urania (one of the Muses); 'Urania' (Ripa) Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1887 Copyright: Publiek domein","creator":"Rijksmuseum","credit":"http://hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.702243","sourceDateText":"1660","sourceDateRange":[1660,1660],"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. 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Solis circa orbem terrarum spiralis revolutio (titel op object) Objecttype: prent kaart Objectnummer: RP-P-AO-29-1-19 Catalogusreferentie: KAN HM17:1-2(2) Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso, gestempeld: Lugt 2228 Omschrijving: Hemelkaart van de (spiraalvormige) baan van de zon rond de aarde, volgens het stelsel van Ptolemaeus. Centraal de aardbol met het oostelijk halfrond. Om de aardbol heen een band met de dierenriem. De kaart is voorzien van een gradenverdeling langs de randen. Links- en rechtsboven de titelcartouches. Links- en rechtsonder een putto met vogel aan een touwtje. Rechtsonder genummerd: 17. Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: anoniem, uitgever: Pieter Schenk (I) (vermeld op object), uitgever: Gerard Valck (vermeld op object), verlener van privilege: Staten van Holland en West-Friesland (vermeld op object) Plaats vervaardiging: Amsterdam Datering: 1660 en/of 1708 Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) / etsen Afmetingen: plaatrand: h 432 mm × b 499 mm Toelichting Prent ook gebruikt in: Cellarius, Andreas. Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus. Amsterdam: Pieter Schenk (I) en Gerard Valck, 1708. Zie ook: Gent, Rob van. De hemelatlas van Andreas Cellarius: het meesterwerk van een vergeten Hollandse kosmograaf. In: Caert-Thresoor, jaargang 19, nr. 1, 2000. 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Figure B \"Tlacotli\" expensive. Figure C \"Ixpouhqui\" withered. Figure D \"Xalteyo\" sandy. Figure E \"Tlacemolotlalli\" inherited land. Figure F \"Petlauhtli\" uncovered. Figure G \"Ocotla\" pine wood. Figure H \"Zacatl\" grass. Figure I \"Teuhtli\" dust Codex. Asunción (A,C, F, H, ) Codex Xolotl (B), Codex Humboldt (D, G, I), Codex Vergara (E)","creator":"Unknown author","credit":"Codex Asunción Codex Humboldt Codex Vergara Codex Xolotl","sourceDateText":"between 1500 and 1600","sourceDateRange":null,"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. 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Joseph-Nicholas was at the time employed by the Russian Tzar Peter the Great in the compilation of Russian surveys and discoveries in Siberia and the extreme northeast of Asia. When he published his somewhat accurate map of northeast Asia, he paradoxically decided to include on the same page an entirely speculative map of North America based largely on De Fonte’s letter. De L’Isle’s mantle was later taken up by Jefferys, another ardent supporter of the Northwest Passage theory, who incuded De Fonte’s discoveries in his own map of the region, which was, ultimately, the inspiration for this map by Vaugondy. 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From Library of Congress Collections.More on copyright: What does \"no known restrictions\" mean? ______________________ For information from Creative Commons on proper licensing for images believed to already be in the public domain please-- click here. By using this image from this site, you are acknowledging that you have read all the information in this description and accept responsibility for any use by you or your representatives. You are accepting responsibility for conducting any additional due diligence that may be necessary to ensure your proper use of this image. ________________ Based on information from the source, this image is believe to be in the public domain. It is up to the user to make their own determination. Additional information is provided below, usually the entire online file, to assist you in doing so. Public domain images SHOULD NOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO PINGNEWS. Please attribute the repository and the originator. If you can add \"via pingnews\" or a link back to this site it is appreciated. While it may appear with this image, the attribution license does not apply to pingnews in this instance as we are neither the creator of nor the archive for this work. _________________________ Public Domain. Suggested credit: Library of Congress via pingnews. Additional information from source: Vera totius expeditionis nauticæ : descriptio D. Franc. Draci ... / Iudocus Hondius. Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612. CREATED/PUBLISHED [Amsterdam?] : I. Hondius, [ca. 1595] NOTES Shows routes around the world of Sir Francis Drake between 1577 and 1580 and Thomas Cavendish between 1586 and 1588. Gift of the estate of Robert H. Power. 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Russian cartographic information is also apparent with regard to place names, such as the Russian name for the Aral Sea (Glouchoiye). It is equally likely that De L’Isle drew on Russian sources for his mapping of the Silk Route centers of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Ferghana, which were known stopping points for Russian trade envoys to China. For the remainder of Persia De L’Isle most likely updated Persian and Arabic cartographic information with reports from Georgian and Armenian traders and mercenaries active throughout Persia. It may be through these sources that De L’Isle was able to add considerable geographic information regarding trade routes and place names in central Persia. 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Outline color. Relief shown pictorially. Printed in top border: \"Carte Du Congo Et Du Pays Des Cafres Par G. De l'Isle de l'Academie Royale des Sciences.\" Printed in top border in upper left corner is a scale for marine leagues. Printed in lower right corner in border: \"A Paris Chez l'Auteur sur le Quai de l'Horloge avec Privilege Janvier 1708.\" Written in ink in upper right corner: \"74.\" Depicts southern and central Africa as well as Madagascar and other islands in the Indian Ocean. Dutch settlements in southern Africa are shown including Fort Hollandois and Hellenbok. Includes comments regarding native kingdoms and European settlements. Mountains, rivers and lakes and shown using pictorial symbols. Prime Meridian: Isle de Fer. Scale c.a. 1:9,100,000. Guillaume de L'Isle (1675-1726) was a cartographer and the Premier Geographer to the King in France beginning in 1718. His family played a significant part in the world of French cartography in the eighteenth century. At age 9, he drew his first map and at age 27 he became a member of the Académie Royale des Sciences. He studied under Jacques Cassini, acquiring knowledge in both mathematics and astronomy. Due to his academic background and his \"critical approach to the maps of his predecessors,\" he became known as the first \"scientific cartographer\" (Moreland and Bannister, 132). Among his works are \"Globe, map of the world and the four continents\" (1700), \"Atlas de Géographie\" (1700-12), \"Mississippi\" (1701), \"Carte du Mexique et de la Floride…\" (c.a. 1703), \"Carte de la Louisiane et du Mississippi\" (1718) and posthumously, \"Atlas Noveau\" (1730 and later). 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Outline color. Relief shown pictorially. Printed in top border: \"Carte Du Congo Et Du Pays Des Cafres Par G. De l'Isle de l'Academie Royale des Sciences.\" Printed in top border in upper left corner is a scale for marine leagues. Printed in lower right corner in border: \"A Paris Chez l'Auteur sur le Quai de l'Horloge avec Privilege Janvier 1708.\" Written in ink in upper right corner: \"74.\" Depicts southern and central Africa as well as Madagascar and other islands in the Indian Ocean. Dutch settlements in southern Africa are shown including Fort Hollandois and Hellenbok. Includes comments regarding native kingdoms and European settlements. Mountains, rivers and lakes and shown using pictorial symbols. Prime Meridian: Isle de Fer. Scale c.a. 1:9,100,000. Guillaume de L'Isle (1675-1726) was a cartographer and the Premier Geographer to the King in France beginning in 1718. His family played a significant part in the world of French cartography in the eighteenth century. 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The Adams - Onis Treaty line of 1819 is clearly marked; Arrowsmith styled himself \"Hydrographer to His Majesty\" in 1820 (Tooley); this edition has a road from Queretaro to Panco Valles which does not appear in W.H.'s additions to 1815 edition, as well as other roads and new towns around Mexico City and two small groups of islands off the California Coast that do not appear on the 1810 edition; this edition appears in the Atlas to Thompson's Alcedo, c.1825 copy, in the Bancroft. The mystery is why Arrowsmith did not add \"additions to 1820\" on the title, and in fact erased the \"additions to 1817\" that must have appeared on the plate from the most recent changes made before the 1820 changes, thereby leaving only 1810 on the title. With outline color. The sheets fold with marbled end sheets into a new tan cloth folding case 26x18 with \"Mexico A. Arrowsmith 1820\" stamped on the spine in gold. See note field above. Streeter Texas 1046, cf 1042 note;Phillips p408. 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Melish; and for Mexico, of the map of New Spain by Baron de Humboldt, and that of this country by M. Arrowsmith....\" Prime meridian is Washington D.C. As implied in this note, the Tardieu family of cartographers were well connected in the mapping world and did excellent quality cartography for several generations, see Tooley's Dictionary of Map Makers. P373. Tooley vol. E-J 195, vol. Q-Z 248, Subjects: Political; Physical","creator":"Tardieu, P.F. Tardieu, P. (Pierre Antoine), 1784-1869 Tardieu, P.A.F. (Antoine-Francoise), 1757-1822 Piequet, C.","credit":"Internet Archive identifier: dr_a-map-of-louisiana-and-mexico-southern-portion-carte-de-la-louisiane-et-5838003 https://archive.org/download/dr_a-map-of-louisiana-and-mexico-southern-portion-carte-de-la-louisiane-et-5838003/5838003.jpg","sourceDateText":"Not supplied","sourceDateRange":null,"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. 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Melish; and for Mexico, of the map of New Spain by Baron de Humboldt, and that of this country by M. Arrowsmith....\" Prime meridian is Washington D.C. As implied in this note, the Tardieu family of cartographers were well connected in the mapping world and did excellent quality cartography for several generations, see Tooley's Dictionary of Map Makers. P373. Tooley vol. E-J 195, vol. Q-Z 248, Subjects: Physical; Political","creator":"Tardieu, P.F. Tardieu, P. (Pierre Antoine), 1784-1869 Tardieu, P.A.F. (Antoine-Francoise), 1757-1822 Piequet, C.","credit":"Internet Archive identifier: dr_a-map-of-louisiana-and-mexico-northern-portion-carte-de-la-louisiane-et-5838002 https://archive.org/download/dr_a-map-of-louisiana-and-mexico-northern-portion-carte-de-la-louisiane-et-5838002/5838002.jpg","sourceDateText":"Not supplied","sourceDateRange":null,"dateMeaning":"Source-supplied date; may describe the work, copy, photograph or reproduction. 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